Micro-Level Automatic Leveling System Based on Machine Vision for Graphite Flakes Transfer

Micro-Level Automatic Leveling System Based on Machine Vision for Graphite Flakes Transfer | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Micro-Level Automatic Leveling System Based on Machine Vision for Graphite Flakes Transfer Bo Liu, Yimu Chen, Yiran Wang, Jinhui Nie This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8011452/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In micro-scale manufacturing and transfer processes, achieving precise leveling is critical but hindered by the limitations of existing methods. Conventional leveling approaches—ranging from labor-intensive manual procedures to bulky, slow, and complex automated stages—fail to deliver the necessary precision and efficiency for delicate tasks. These shortcomings are particularly evident in applications such as the batch transfer of graphite flakes for self superlubricity research, where sub-micrometer coplanarity is essential. In this study, we present a high-precision automatic leveling system that utilizes machine vision and Moiré fringe patterns to accurately measure and correct tilt angles in real-time. A dedicated mathematical model resolves the phase ambiguity inherent in periodic fringes, enabling rapid and precise angle calculation. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the system achieves a leveling precision of 0.01° within 10 seconds. By employing gratings with a smaller period and a higher-magnification microscope, the theoretical angular resolution of the proposed method can attain 0.0001°. This compact, non-contact solution not only significantly enhances the efficiency and reliability of graphite flakes transfer but also provides a robust leveling tool for various micro-scale applications. Moiré fringes Tilt angle measurement High-precision leveling Graphite flakes transfer Machine vision Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 30 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 14 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 08 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 02 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8011452","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":546801744,"identity":"43f9db91-bd91-44f8-a764-6d4546267857","order_by":0,"name":"Bo Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bo","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":546801745,"identity":"53483d66-8968-481e-b5b1-093f6e343c05","order_by":1,"name":"Yimu Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Harbin Institute of Technology 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Conventional leveling approaches\u0026mdash;ranging from labor-intensive manual procedures to bulky, slow, and complex automated stages\u0026mdash;fail to deliver the necessary precision and efficiency for delicate tasks. These shortcomings are particularly evident in applications such as the batch transfer of graphite flakes for self superlubricity research, where sub-micrometer coplanarity is essential. In this study, we present a high-precision automatic leveling system that utilizes machine vision and Moir\u0026eacute; fringe patterns to accurately measure and correct tilt angles in real-time. A dedicated mathematical model resolves the phase ambiguity inherent in periodic fringes, enabling rapid and precise angle calculation. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the system achieves a leveling precision of 0.01\u0026deg; within 10 seconds. 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This compact, non-contact solution not only significantly enhances the efficiency and reliability of graphite flakes transfer but also provides a robust leveling tool for various micro-scale applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Micro-Level Automatic Leveling System Based on Machine Vision for Graphite Flakes Transfer","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-20 03:25:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8011452/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-30T09:00:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-14T22:51:26+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"126862446943360819473349855467902536047","date":"2025-12-01T10:57:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-17T05:29:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"52438478229417586415834590764017737493","date":"2025-11-11T07:55:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-11T06:50:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-08T07:41:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-08T07:40:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Robotics","date":"2025-11-02T13:57:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-robotics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Robotics](https://link.springer.com/journal/44430)","snPcode":"44430","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44430/3","title":"Discover Robotics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Unsupported Journal","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"32dc4edf-a4d6-4b62-9d09-aab17b2fdd04","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 20th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-14T06:53:32+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-20 03:25:46","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8011452","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8011452","identity":"rs-8011452","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}