Removal of Calcium and Magnesium Ions from Reverse Osmosis Concentrate Using a Two-stage Precipitation with Carbonation Process

Removal of Calcium and Magnesium Ions from Reverse Osmosis Concentrate Using a Two-stage Precipitation with Carbonation Process | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Removal of Calcium and Magnesium Ions from Reverse Osmosis Concentrate Using a Two-stage Precipitation with Carbonation Process Yucheng Liu, Mengke Zhu, Xinghu Ji, Zhiyou Tan, Zhike He This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3616907/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Jul, 2024 Read the published version in Environmental Science and Pollution Research → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The reverse osmosis (RO) technique has been extensively employed in the advanced treatment of industrial water and wastewater. However, this process results in the production of a significant quantity of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC), which contains high levels of salinity and organic contaminants, thereby posing serious environmental problems. This study reported a two-stage precipitation process utilizing quicklime (CaO) and caustic soda (NaOH) in conjunction with air blowing (carbonation) for the removal of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ from real brackish water ROC of factory. In stage I, the CaO precipitation-carbonation process was employed to eliminate the majority of Ca 2+ from the ROC, while leaving Mg 2+ virtually unaffected, yielding high-purity CaCO 3 precipitates. In stage II, the NaOH precipitation method was utilized to eliminate the remaining Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ from the ROC. It was demonstrated that under optimal conditions, the removal rates of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ exceeded 97%. Finally, the characterization of precipitates demonstrated the generation of high-purity CaCO 3 precipitates in stage I, as well as the formation of CaCO 3 and Mg(OH) 2 precipitates in stage II. The results confirmed the feasibility of employing the two-stage precipitation with carbonation process to economically treat ROC and enable its reuse, offering valuable insights for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) Calcium ions removal magnesium ions removal Chemical precipitation Full Text Supplementary Files SupportingInformation.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Jul, 2024 Read the published version in Environmental Science and Pollution Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major Revision 16 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Mar, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 13 Feb, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 12 Dec, 2023 First submitted to journal 05 Dec, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3616907","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":272788194,"identity":"1b182c4b-6c2d-48ac-98ac-7994ff9431de","order_by":0,"name":"Yucheng Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wuhan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yucheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":272788195,"identity":"bece5447-8201-4cef-a6ff-1cd6340f696b","order_by":1,"name":"Mengke Zhu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular 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However, this process results in the production of a significant quantity of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC), which contains high levels of salinity and organic contaminants, thereby posing serious environmental problems. This study reported a two-stage precipitation process utilizing quicklime (CaO) and caustic soda (NaOH) in conjunction with air blowing (carbonation) for the removal of Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e and Mg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e from real brackish water ROC of factory. In stage I, the CaO precipitation-carbonation process was employed to eliminate the majority of Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e from the ROC, while leaving Mg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e virtually unaffected, yielding high-purity CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e precipitates. In stage II, the NaOH precipitation method was utilized to eliminate the remaining Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e and Mg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e from the ROC. It was demonstrated that under optimal conditions, the removal rates of Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e and Mg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e exceeded 97%. Finally, the characterization of precipitates demonstrated the generation of high-purity CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e precipitates in stage I, as well as the formation of CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e and Mg(OH)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e precipitates in stage II. 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