MAR-M247 Ni-based superalloy metal 3D printing with Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion

MAR-M247 Ni-based superalloy metal 3D printing with Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article MAR-M247 Ni-based superalloy metal 3D printing with Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Ren-Hao Lu, Sourabh Saptarshi, Ola Harrysson This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6779485/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Progress in Additive Manufacturing → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study explores the influence of scanning strategies on microstructure evolution using electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) of MAR-M247, a Ni-based superalloy. An energy density that produces minimum cracking was established by raster melting, and subsequently applied to spot melting to investigate how spot melting strategy change the grain growth under localized energy input. Elemental segregation was observed in samples melted with both raster and spot melting strategies. Through controlled variations in point-jump spots in both the X and Y directions (skipped melting spots), spot melting produced diverse grain morphologies and crystallographic textures not observed using raster scanning. Smaller jumps favor columnar structures, while larger jumps induce a transition to equiaxed grains accompanied by the disordered grain distribution. Spot melting exhibited more randomized grain growth, and a columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) process was identified within a single sample. Although the study maintained fixed parameters such as coupon size, beam size, and hatch spacing, the results provide insight into how spot melting strategies can be leveraged for microstructure control for the purpose of manipulating and mitigating the cracking behavior for non-weldable M247 superalloy in additive manufacturing. MAR-M247 Ni-based superalloy EB-PBF Spot melting CET Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Progress in Additive Manufacturing → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6779485","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":474238267,"identity":"f91eac8e-c5bb-459e-b122-5060b7876eac","order_by":0,"name":"Ren-Hao Lu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"North Carolina State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ren-Hao","middleName":"","lastName":"Lu","suffix":""},{"id":474238269,"identity":"fbdbc449-f2b0-4372-9a56-4e805f545aea","order_by":1,"name":"Sourabh Saptarshi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"North Carolina State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sourabh","middleName":"","lastName":"Saptarshi","suffix":""},{"id":474238270,"identity":"af102d52-4872-4ff0-9b93-93e689c51204","order_by":2,"name":"Ola Harrysson","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHgjFD+UyNhCtRbKBZC0GB4jVws9+9uDnyj2H7Y1vNz/+zMNgI7vhAAEtkj15yZJnnh1O3HbnmJk0D0OaMUEtBgdyDCQbDhxOMLuRw8bMw3A4kbCW82+MfwK12BvPyGEGOuw/EVpu5JiBbGHcIJHDAHTYAcJaJGe8MbNsOJCeOONGmpnkHINk45mEtPDz5xjfbDhgbc8/I/nxhzcVdrJ9hLRAQTPMncQpB4E64pWOglEwCkbByAMA45VEDCJ1+7MAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"North Carolina State University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ola","middleName":"","lastName":"Harrysson","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-29 21:38:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6779485/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6779485/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-025-01376-y","type":"published","date":"2025-10-08T15:58:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":93419799,"identity":"0754666a-203c-42cb-9850-fa3decc2b18a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 16:07:40","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":14675499,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"MARM247Nibasedsuperalloymetal3DprintingwithElectronBeamPowderBedFusionSpringerSubmit.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6779485/v1_covered_03042b68-deaf-4ed2-b760-f3339a730d6f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"MAR-M247 Ni-based superalloy metal 3D printing with Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"MAR-M247, Ni-based superalloy, EB-PBF, Spot melting, CET","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6779485/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6779485/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This study explores the influence of scanning strategies on microstructure evolution using electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) of MAR-M247, a Ni-based superalloy. An energy density that produces minimum cracking was established by raster melting, and subsequently applied to spot melting to investigate how spot melting strategy change the grain growth under localized energy input. Elemental segregation was observed in samples melted with both raster and spot melting strategies. Through controlled variations in point-jump spots in both the X and Y directions (skipped melting spots), spot melting produced diverse grain morphologies and crystallographic textures not observed using raster scanning. Smaller jumps favor columnar structures, while larger jumps induce a transition to equiaxed grains accompanied by the disordered grain distribution. Spot melting exhibited more randomized grain growth, and a columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) process was identified within a single sample. Although the study maintained fixed parameters such as coupon size, beam size, and hatch spacing, the results provide insight into how spot melting strategies can be leveraged for microstructure control for the purpose of manipulating and mitigating the cracking behavior for non-weldable M247 superalloy in additive manufacturing.","manuscriptTitle":"MAR-M247 Ni-based superalloy metal 3D printing with Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-23 07:41:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6779485/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"92273647-3c41-493b-89f2-d438e6655dfb","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 23rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-13T16:02:02+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6779485","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-025-01376-y","journal":{"identity":"progress-in-additive-manufacturing","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Progress in Additive Manufacturing"},"publishedOn":"2025-10-08 15:58:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"October 8th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-23 07:41:46","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s40964-025-01376-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-025-01376-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6779485","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6779485","identity":"rs-6779485","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}