Microleakage Performance of Gingiva-colored Composite Resins Used With Different Glass Ionomer Materials

Microleakage Performance of Gingiva-colored Composite Resins Used With Different Glass Ionomer Materials | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Microleakage Performance of Gingiva-colored Composite Resins Used With Different Glass Ionomer Materials Şeyda Saçan, Tuba Tunç, Elif Pınar Bakır This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8725086/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the microleakage performance of gingiva-colored composite resin restorations applied over different resin-modified glass ionomer base materials on root surface Class V cavities associated with gingival recession. Materials and Methods Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal root surfaces of 28 anterior and 28 premolar human teeth extracted for orthodontic or periodontal reasons. The specimens were randomly assigned according to the base material used: Ionoseal, Glass Liner, I-Liner, or no base material (control group). All cavities were restored with a gingiva-colored composite resin (Amaris Gingiva). After restoration, the specimens were thermocycled and immersed in a 2% basic fuchsin dye solution for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned bucco-palatinally, and dye penetration was assessed under a stereomicroscope at ×25 magnification. Microleakage scores were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction. Results No statistically significant differences were observed in microleakage scores among the experimental groups or between the experimental and control groups in either anterior or posterior teeth (p > 0.05). Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study, gingiva-colored composite resin restorations demonstrated comparable microleakage performance when used with different resin-modified glass ionomer base materials. These findings suggest that the choice of glass ionomer base material does not significantly influence the marginal sealing ability of gingiva-colored composite restorations on root surface cavities. Gingiva-colored composite resin Glass ionomer cement Microleakage Class V cavities Root surface restorations INTRODUCTION The growing demand for esthetic dental treatments has increased the importance of minimally invasive restorative approaches, particularly in the management of cervical and root surface defects. Along with advances in implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation and periodontal therapy, interest in artificial gingival materials has expanded significantly to address both functional and esthetic deficiencies associated with soft tissue loss. Despite these developments, the restoration of Class V lesions extending to dentin or cementum remains a clinical challenge, especially when the restoration margins are located below the cemento-enamel junction ( 1 ). One of the primary reasons for restoration failure in cervical regions is the structural and biological nature of dentin and cementum. Compared with enamel, dentin exhibits higher permeability, greater tubular density, and increased moisture content, all of which adversely affect adhesive bonding and marginal integrity. In addition, occlusal stresses concentrated in the cervical area may exacerbate marginal breakdown, leading to microleakage and reduced longevity of restorations. These challenges highlight the need for restorative materials that provide reliable adhesion and marginal sealing in non-enamel substrates ( 2 ). Gingival recession represents a common esthetic and functional concern, often resulting in exposed root surfaces and associated dentin hypersensitivity. It is characterized by the apical displacement of the gingival margin relative to the cemento-enamel junction and may arise from multiple etiological factors, including improper oral hygiene practices, periodontal inflammation, traumatic tooth brushing, plaque accumulation, smoking, unfavorable root morphology, and occlusal discrepancies. The severity and prevalence of gingival recession vary across age groups and individuals, frequently necessitating interdisciplinary treatment planning ( 3 ). Although surgical interventions remain the gold standard for managing gingival recession in selected cases, conservative restorative approaches have gained popularity due to their minimally invasive nature and immediate esthetic outcomes ( 3 ). Gingiva-colored composite resins have emerged as a valuable alternative for the restoration of exposed root surfaces, papillary deficiencies, and cervical defects ( 4 ). These materials are specifically designed to mimic natural gingival hues through tailored pigmentation systems, allowing restorations to blend harmoniously with surrounding soft tissues while preserving tooth structure (5,6). In addition to their esthetic advantages, gingiva-colored composite resins offer clinical versatility, ease of handling, and the ability to be reshaped or repaired chairside. However, their long-term success may be compromised by factors such as polymerization shrinkage, marginal adaptation deficiencies, and susceptibility to plaque accumulation and color instability over time. These limitations are particularly relevant in cervical regions, where marginal integrity plays a critical role in preventing microleakage-related complications. Microleakage is defined as the passage of bacteria, fluids, ions, or molecules through microscopic gaps at the tooth–restoration interface and remains a key determinant of restorative success. It has been associated with postoperative sensitivity, secondary caries, pulpal irritation, and restoration failure. Various in vitro techniques, including dye penetration, bacterial infiltration, radioisotope labeling, and electrochemical methods, have been employed to evaluate microleakage behavior. Among these, dye penetration analysis remains widely used due to its simplicity and reproducibility ( 7 , 8 ). Glass ionomer-based materials are frequently recommended as base or liner materials in cervical restorations because of their chemical adhesion to dentin and cementum, fluoride release, and favorable biocompatibility ( 9 ). Resin-modified glass ionomer cements, in particular, combine the advantages of conventional glass ionomers with improved mechanical properties and handling characteristics. However, limited evidence exists regarding the influence of different glass ionomer base materials on the microleakage performance of gingiva-colored composite resin restorations ( 9 , 10 ). Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the microleakage behavior of gingiva-colored composite resin restorations applied over different resin-modified glass ionomer base materials in Class V root surface cavities. The null hypothesis tested was that the type of glass ionomer base material would not significantly affect the microleakage performance of gingiva-colored composite restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Design and Ethical Considerations This in vitro experimental study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained prior to the initiation of the study. Extracted human teeth were used following informed consent and in compliance with institutional guidelines. Specimen Selection and Preparation A total of 56 human teeth, including 28 anterior teeth and 28 premolars extracted for orthodontic or periodontal reasons, were included. Teeth with caries, restorations, cracks, or structural defects were excluded. Soft tissue remnants were removed using a sharp curette, and the specimens were stored in isotonic saline solution containing 0.1% thymol until cavity preparation. Standardized Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal root surfaces using a cylindrical diamond bur under continuous water cooling. The cavity dimensions were standardized to 3 mm in mesiodistal width, 3 mm in inciso-gingival height, and 2 mm in depth, with the margins located entirely in dentin/cementum. Grouping and Restorative Procedures The specimens were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n = 14 per group; 7 anterior and 7 posterior teeth per group) according to the base material used (Table 1 .): Group 1 : Ionoseal (VOCO, Germany) Group 2 : Glass Liner (WP Dental, Germany) Group 3 : I-Liner LC (I-Dental, Lithuania) Group 4 : Control group (no base material) Table 1 Materials and their contents used in our study. Materials Ingredients Manufacturer Ionoseal Fluorosilicate glass, barium sulfate, BisGMA, UDMA, HEDMA, pyrolyzed silica, TEGDMA, initiators, stabilizers, color pigments. Voco, Germany Glass Liner Glass-ceramics, glass ionomer powder, silica, camphor quinone, hexanediol dimethacrylate, bis-GMA, BHT, DMTBA. WP Dental, Germany I-Liner Glass reagent 50–70%, methacrylate mixture 20–30%, modifier 1–5%, photoinitiator < 1%, co-initiator < 1%, opacifier < 1%, stabilizer < 1%, inhibitor < 1%. I-Dental, Lithuania Amaris Gingiva 80% filler methacrylate mixture, BHT, initiators, stabilizers, color pigments, opacifier. Voco, Germany In Groups 1–3, the respective resin-modified glass ionomer base materials were applied to the cavity floors according to the manufacturers’ instructions and light-cured using an LED curing unit. In Group 2, the base material thickness did not exceed 1 mm. Following base application, all cavities in Groups 1–4 were restored with a gingiva-colored composite resin (Amaris Gingiva; VOCO, Germany) and light-cured for 40 seconds in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Finishing, Polishing, and Aging Procedures After completion of the restorations, finishing and polishing were performed using a multi-step composite polishing disk system (Shofu Super Snap Rainbow) from coarse to fine grit. All specimens were stored at 37°C for 24 hours to allow complete polymerization. Thermal aging was performed by subjecting the specimens to 5,000 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C, with a dwell time of 20 seconds and a transfer time of 10 seconds between baths. Microleakage Assessment Following thermocycling, all tooth surfaces were coated with two layers of nail varnish, leaving a 1-mm window around the restoration margins. The apical foramina were sealed with acrylic resin. The specimens were then immersed in a 2% basic fuchsin dye solution for 24 hours at room temperature. After dye immersion, the specimens were thoroughly rinsed under running water and embedded in polyester resin. Each tooth was sectioned bucco-lingually through the center of the restoration using a diamond saw under water cooling. Both sections were independently evaluated. Stereomicroscopic Evaluation and Scoring Microleakage was assessed under a stereomicroscope at ×25 magnification by two experienced examiners who were blinded to the experimental groups. Dye penetration was scored according to the ISO/TS 11405:2003 criteria: Score 0 : No dye penetration Score 1 : Dye penetration up to half of the cervical wall Score 2 : Dye penetration beyond half of the cervical wall without reaching the axial wall Score 3 : Dye penetration reaching both the cervical and axial walls Digital images were captured using a microscope-mounted camera for documentation purposes. Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate statistical software. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to detect overall differences among groups. Pairwise comparisons between the experimental groups and the control group were conducted using Dunn’s post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction. The Mann–Whitney U test was applied to compare microleakage scores between anterior and posterior teeth. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The distribution of microleakage scores for all experimental and control groups is presented in Table 2 . Microleakage performance of gingiva-colored composite resin restorations applied over different glass ionomer base materials was evaluated separately for anterior and posterior teeth. Table 2 Anterior and posterior distribution of microleakage scores in cement. Anterior Posterior 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Ionoseal - 1 4 2 - - 3 4 Glass Liner - 1 2 4 - - 2 5 I-Liner - - 4 3 - - 3 4 Kontrol - - 4 3 - - 3 4 P 0.997 0,973 Statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test revealed no significant differences in microleakage scores among the tested glass ionomer base materials or between the experimental and control groups in either tooth region. In the posterior region, no statistically significant difference was detected among the groups (p = 0.973). Similarly, in the anterior region, the differences in microleakage scores were not statistically significant (p = 0.997). Subsequent pairwise comparisons performed using Dunn’s post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction demonstrated that none of the experimental groups differed significantly from the control group. All adjusted p-values were equal to 1.00, indicating comparable microleakage behavior across all materials evaluated. The comparison of microleakage scores between anterior and posterior teeth within each material group was conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test. No statistically significant differences were observed between tooth regions for any of the materials tested (Ionoseal: p = 0.502; Glass Liner: p = 0.538; I-Liner: p = 0.762; Control: p = 0.881). Overall, the results indicate that the type of resin-modified glass ionomer base material and tooth region did not significantly influence the microleakage performance of gingiva-colored composite resin restorations under the conditions of this in vitro study. DISCUSSION The present in vitro study evaluated the microleakage performance of gingiva-colored composite resin restorations applied over different resin-modified glass ionomer base materials in Class V root surface cavities. The findings demonstrated that none of the tested glass ionomer base materials significantly influenced microleakage behavior when compared with each other or with the control group. Therefore, the null hypothesis that the type of glass ionomer base material would not affect microleakage performance was accepted. Marginal integrity remains a critical determinant of clinical success in cervical and root surface restorations, particularly when margins are located in dentin or cementum rather than enamel ( 11 ). The higher permeability, tubular density, and moisture content of dentin, combined with the limited bonding surface area in cervical regions, predispose restorations to microleakage and adhesive failure. Glass ionomer-based materials are frequently preferred in such clinical situations due to their chemical adhesion to dentin and cementum, fluoride release, and favorable biocompatibility ( 12 , 13 ). In the present study, the comparable microleakage outcomes observed among Ionoseal, Glass Liner, and I-Liner suggest that their bonding mechanisms and interfacial adaptation to root surface substrates are clinically equivalent under standardized conditions. Gingiva-colored composite resins have gained increasing attention as minimally invasive alternatives for the management of gingival recession–related defects, papillary deficiencies, and cervical esthetic concerns. Their ability to replicate natural gingival coloration provides a significant esthetic advantage, particularly in patients for whom surgical approaches are contraindicated or undesired ( 14 ). However, concerns have been raised regarding the influence of pigmentation and opacity on polymerization dynamics and marginal adaptation. In the present study, the absence of significant differences in microleakage among all experimental groups indicates that the gingiva-colored composite resin used exhibited adequate polymerization behavior and marginal sealing capacity, regardless of the underlying glass ionomer base material. Thermal aging was incorporated into the experimental protocol to simulate intraoral temperature fluctuations, which may induce stress at the tooth–restoration interface due to differences in coefficients of thermal expansion. Despite exposure to 5,000 thermocycles, no statistically significant differences were detected among the groups, suggesting that the tested materials demonstrated comparable thermal compatibility ( 9 ). This finding supports the notion that resin-modified glass ionomer bases and gingiva-colored composite resins may function harmoniously under thermal stress conditions encountered in the oral environment. The comparison between anterior and posterior teeth revealed no significant differences in microleakage scores across all groups. Although posterior teeth generally exhibit greater anatomical complexity and variations in dentin morphology, the results indicate that these factors did not adversely affect marginal sealing in the present study ( 8 ). This observation suggests that the evaluated restorative approach may be applied consistently across different tooth regions without compromising marginal integrity. It is important to interpret the findings of this study within the context of its limitations. As an in vitro investigation, the experimental design cannot fully replicate the complex biological and mechanical conditions of the oral environment. Factors such as saliva contamination, biofilm formation, occlusal loading, and long-term material degradation were not simulated. Additionally, microleakage assessment was limited to dye penetration analysis, which, although widely accepted, represents only one aspect of interfacial behavior. Future studies incorporating mechanical loading, aging protocols, and long-term clinical evaluations are warranted to further elucidate the performance of gingiva-colored composite restorations in vivo ( 15 ). Within these limitations, the present findings indicate that gingiva-colored composite resin restorations demonstrate comparable microleakage performance when used in conjunction with different resin-modified glass ionomer base materials. This suggests that clinicians may select glass ionomer base materials based on handling characteristics or clinical preference without adversely affecting marginal sealing in root surface restorations. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the gingiva-colored composite resin restorations demonstrated comparable microleakage performance when applied over different resin-modified glass ionomer base materials. No statistically significant differences were observed among the tested materials or between anterior and posterior teeth. These findings suggest that the selection of a resin-modified glass ionomer base material does not have a decisive influence on the marginal sealing ability of gingiva-colored composite restorations placed on root surface Class V cavities. From a clinical perspective, gingiva-colored composite resins may be considered a reliable minimally invasive option for the esthetic management of cervical and root surface defects associated with gingival recession. Clinicians may select glass ionomer base materials based on handling properties, clinical preference, or patient-specific considerations without compromising marginal integrity. LIMITATIONS This study has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting the results. First, the in vitro design does not fully replicate the complex biological and mechanical conditions of the oral environment, including saliva contamination, biofilm formation, and long-term occlusal loading. Second, microleakage assessment was limited to dye penetration analysis, which, although widely used, represents only one method of evaluating marginal integrity. Finally, the relatively short-term aging protocol may not reflect long-term clinical performance. Therefore, further in vivo studies and long-term clinical trials are recommended to validate the present findings under real oral conditions. Declarations Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate This in vitro study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained prior to the initiation of the study. Extracted human teeth were used following informed consent and in compliance with institutional guidelines. Consent for Publication Not applicable. Availability of Data and Materials The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding The authors received no specific funding for this study. Authors’ Contributions ŞS contributed to the study conception and design, data collection, analysis, and manuscript drafting. TT contributed to data acquisition and experimental procedures. EPB contributed to data interpretation, critical revision of the manuscript, and final approval of the version to be published. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the technical staff of the Department of Restorative Dentistry for their assistance during the experimental procedures. Conference Presentation This study was previously presented as a poster at the FDI World Dental Congress , held on September 12–15, 2024. References Viana PC, Correia A, Neves M, Kovacs Z, Neugbauer R (2012) Soft tissue waxup and mock-up as key factors in a treatment plan: case presentation. Eur J Esthet Dent 7:310–323 Pradeep K, Rajababu P, Satyanarayana D, Sagar V (2012) Gingival recession: review and strategies in treatment of recession. Case Rep Dent 2012(2):563421 Pires DED, Fernandes VV, Campos EA (2016) Gingiva-Colored Resin as a Cosmetic Alternative in the Treatment of Gingival Recession. Oper Dent 41(3):71–74 Ferraris F (2017) The pink esthetics: Prosthetic solution with gingiva-colored composite resins. Eur J Esthetic Dentistry 12(2):190–206 Da Rodolpho R, Donassollo PA, Cenci TA, Loguercio MS, A. D., Demarco FF (2011) Clinical performance of resin composite restorations after 11 years. J Adhesive Dentistry 13(3):251–259 Villalta P, Lu H, Okte Z, Garcia-Godoy F, Powers JM (2006) Effects of staining and bleaching on color change of dental composite resins. J Prosthet Dent 95(2):137–142 Tjan AH, Dunn JR (1986) Microleakage of core materials for complete cast gold crowns. J Prosthet Dent 56(5):540–544 Kanca J (1996) Effect of resin primer solvents and surface wetness on resin composite bond strength to dentin. Am J Dent 9(1):20–22 Tay FR, Pashley DH (2003) Resin bonding to cervical sclerotic dentin: A review. J Dent 31(7):495–507 Pashley DH, Tay FR, Breschi L, Tjäderhane L, Carvalho RM, Carrilho M, Tezvergil-Mutluay A (2011) State of the art etch-and-rinse adhesives. Dent Mater 27(1):1–16 Tayel DM, El-Sharkawy MM, El-Sayed MM (2016) Microleakage of Class II composite restorations with different restorative techniques (an in vitro study). Alexandria Dent J 41(2):138–145 Sidhu SK (2011) Glass-ionomer cement restorative materials: a sticky subject. Dent Mater 30(3):170–178 Nicholson JW, Czarnecka B (2008) The biocompatibility of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements for dentistry. Dent Mater 24(12):1702–1708 Paravina RD et al (2015) Color and optical properties of dental materials. J Dent 43(1):34–43 Van Meerbeek B et al (2003) Adhesion to enamel and dentin: current status and future challenges. Oper Dent 28(3):215–235 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8725086","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":588977897,"identity":"182fa38d-b77f-4d98-bf8c-9259320a7245","order_by":0,"name":"Şeyda Saçan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABBklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACCSjN+IDHgEEGWYSgFmYDoBYeqIgBUVrYJIDqCWuRb+8xvPGDYZu8Of/iZxVvCux4+BmYD97mYfiTj0uLwZkzxpY9DLcNd854ZnZzjkEyj2QDW7I1D4OBZQMuLRI5ZkD33GbccOOA2W0egwMgZCYN1ILTZfLz35hJ/mG4bb/hxvFvxSD19gf4v+HVwnADbObtxA3ne8yYwbYw8LDh1WJwJq3YWsbgdvKGGzzFkiC/SBxmM7acY2CM22HthzfefFNx23bD+eMbP7z5YyfH39788MabCjk8EcNhAIkEiQSoADPYdtwaGBjYH0Bo/gP4VI2CUTAKRsFIBgBOS068uxq0rQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Dicle University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Şeyda","middleName":"","lastName":"Saçan","suffix":""},{"id":588977898,"identity":"50e457be-41b1-4a56-8291-492c219dec09","order_by":1,"name":"Tuba Tunç","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dicle University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tuba","middleName":"","lastName":"Tunç","suffix":""},{"id":588977910,"identity":"34ee47e5-5b6e-4827-a046-82161124b438","order_by":2,"name":"Elif Pınar Bakır","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dicle University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Elif","middleName":"Pınar","lastName":"Bakır","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-28 20:53:54","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8725086/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8725086/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107704790,"identity":"dcd05e26-a938-4f5e-bc31-aa727f4e6abc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-24 08:58:40","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":204641,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8725086/v1/84457a65-279f-47f8-bebc-c970a152f33e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eMicroleakage Performance of Gingiva-colored Composite Resins Used With Different Glass Ionomer Materials\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe growing demand for esthetic dental treatments has increased the importance of minimally invasive restorative approaches, particularly in the management of cervical and root surface defects. Along with advances in implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation and periodontal therapy, interest in artificial gingival materials has expanded significantly to address both functional and esthetic deficiencies associated with soft tissue loss. Despite these developments, the restoration of Class V lesions extending to dentin or cementum remains a clinical challenge, especially when the restoration margins are located below the cemento-enamel junction (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne of the primary reasons for restoration failure in cervical regions is the structural and biological nature of dentin and cementum. Compared with enamel, dentin exhibits higher permeability, greater tubular density, and increased moisture content, all of which adversely affect adhesive bonding and marginal integrity. In addition, occlusal stresses concentrated in the cervical area may exacerbate marginal breakdown, leading to microleakage and reduced longevity of restorations. These challenges highlight the need for restorative materials that provide reliable adhesion and marginal sealing in non-enamel substrates (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGingival recession represents a common esthetic and functional concern, often resulting in exposed root surfaces and associated dentin hypersensitivity. It is characterized by the apical displacement of the gingival margin relative to the cemento-enamel junction and may arise from multiple etiological factors, including improper oral hygiene practices, periodontal inflammation, traumatic tooth brushing, plaque accumulation, smoking, unfavorable root morphology, and occlusal discrepancies. The severity and prevalence of gingival recession vary across age groups and individuals, frequently necessitating interdisciplinary treatment planning (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough surgical interventions remain the gold standard for managing gingival recession in selected cases, conservative restorative approaches have gained popularity due to their minimally invasive nature and immediate esthetic outcomes (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Gingiva-colored composite resins have emerged as a valuable alternative for the restoration of exposed root surfaces, papillary deficiencies, and cervical defects (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). These materials are specifically designed to mimic natural gingival hues through tailored pigmentation systems, allowing restorations to blend harmoniously with surrounding soft tissues while preserving tooth structure (5,6).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition to their esthetic advantages, gingiva-colored composite resins offer clinical versatility, ease of handling, and the ability to be reshaped or repaired chairside. However, their long-term success may be compromised by factors such as polymerization shrinkage, marginal adaptation deficiencies, and susceptibility to plaque accumulation and color instability over time. These limitations are particularly relevant in cervical regions, where marginal integrity plays a critical role in preventing microleakage-related complications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicroleakage is defined as the passage of bacteria, fluids, ions, or molecules through microscopic gaps at the tooth\u0026ndash;restoration interface and remains a key determinant of restorative success. It has been associated with postoperative sensitivity, secondary caries, pulpal irritation, and restoration failure. Various in vitro techniques, including dye penetration, bacterial infiltration, radioisotope labeling, and electrochemical methods, have been employed to evaluate microleakage behavior. Among these, dye penetration analysis remains widely used due to its simplicity and reproducibility (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlass ionomer-based materials are frequently recommended as base or liner materials in cervical restorations because of their chemical adhesion to dentin and cementum, fluoride release, and favorable biocompatibility (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Resin-modified glass ionomer cements, in particular, combine the advantages of conventional glass ionomers with improved mechanical properties and handling characteristics. However, limited evidence exists regarding the influence of different glass ionomer base materials on the microleakage performance of gingiva-colored composite resin restorations (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the microleakage behavior of gingiva-colored composite resin restorations applied over different resin-modified glass ionomer base materials in Class V root surface cavities. The null hypothesis tested was that the type of glass ionomer base material would not significantly affect the microleakage performance of gingiva-colored composite restorations.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"MATERIALS AND METHODS","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Design and Ethical Considerations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis in vitro experimental study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained prior to the initiation of the study. Extracted human teeth were used following informed consent and in compliance with institutional guidelines.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecimen Selection and Preparation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 56 human teeth, including 28 anterior teeth and 28 premolars extracted for orthodontic or periodontal reasons, were included. Teeth with caries, restorations, cracks, or structural defects were excluded. Soft tissue remnants were removed using a sharp curette, and the specimens were stored in isotonic saline solution containing 0.1% thymol until cavity preparation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandardized Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal root surfaces using a cylindrical diamond bur under continuous water cooling. The cavity dimensions were standardized to 3 mm in mesiodistal width, 3 mm in inciso-gingival height, and 2 mm in depth, with the margins located entirely in dentin/cementum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGrouping and Restorative Procedures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe specimens were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;14 per group; 7 anterior and 7 posterior teeth per group) according to the base material used (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.):\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eGroup 1\u003c/b\u003e: Ionoseal (VOCO, Germany)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eGroup 2\u003c/b\u003e: Glass Liner (WP Dental, Germany)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eGroup 3\u003c/b\u003e: I-Liner LC (I-Dental, Lithuania)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eGroup 4\u003c/b\u003e: Control group (no base material)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaterials and their contents used in our study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaterials\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIngredients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManufacturer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIonoseal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluorosilicate glass, barium sulfate, BisGMA, UDMA, HEDMA, pyrolyzed silica, TEGDMA, initiators, stabilizers, color pigments.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVoco, Germany\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlass Liner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlass-ceramics, glass ionomer powder, silica, camphor\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003equinone, hexanediol dimethacrylate, bis-GMA, BHT, DMTBA.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWP Dental, Germany\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI-Liner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlass reagent 50\u0026ndash;70%, methacrylate mixture 20\u0026ndash;30%, modifier 1\u0026ndash;5%, photoinitiator\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1%, co-initiator\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1%, opacifier\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1%, stabilizer\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1%, inhibitor\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI-Dental, Lithuania\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmaris Gingiva\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80% filler methacrylate mixture, BHT, initiators, stabilizers, color pigments, opacifier.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVoco, Germany\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Groups 1\u0026ndash;3, the respective resin-modified glass ionomer base materials were applied to the cavity floors according to the manufacturers\u0026rsquo; instructions and light-cured using an LED curing unit. In Group 2, the base material thickness did not exceed 1 mm. Following base application, all cavities in Groups 1\u0026ndash;4 were restored with a gingiva-colored composite resin (Amaris Gingiva; VOCO, Germany) and light-cured for 40 seconds in accordance with the manufacturer\u0026rsquo;s recommendations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFinishing, Polishing, and Aging Procedures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter completion of the restorations, finishing and polishing were performed using a multi-step composite polishing disk system (Shofu Super Snap Rainbow) from coarse to fine grit. All specimens were stored at 37\u0026deg;C for 24 hours to allow complete polymerization. Thermal aging was performed by subjecting the specimens to 5,000 thermocycles between 5\u0026deg;C and 55\u0026deg;C, with a dwell time of 20 seconds and a transfer time of 10 seconds between baths.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMicroleakage Assessment\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing thermocycling, all tooth surfaces were coated with two layers of nail varnish, leaving a 1-mm window around the restoration margins. The apical foramina were sealed with acrylic resin. The specimens were then immersed in a 2% basic fuchsin dye solution for 24 hours at room temperature.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter dye immersion, the specimens were thoroughly rinsed under running water and embedded in polyester resin. Each tooth was sectioned bucco-lingually through the center of the restoration using a diamond saw under water cooling. Both sections were independently evaluated.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStereomicroscopic Evaluation and Scoring\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicroleakage was assessed under a stereomicroscope at \u0026times;25 magnification by two experienced examiners who were blinded to the experimental groups. Dye penetration was scored according to the ISO/TS 11405:2003 criteria:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eScore 0\u003c/b\u003e: No dye penetration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eScore 1\u003c/b\u003e: Dye penetration up to half of the cervical wall\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eScore 2\u003c/b\u003e: Dye penetration beyond half of the cervical wall without reaching the axial wall\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eScore 3\u003c/b\u003e: Dye penetration reaching both the cervical and axial walls\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigital images were captured using a microscope-mounted camera for documentation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical analyses were performed using appropriate statistical software. The Kruskal\u0026ndash;Wallis test was used to detect overall differences among groups. Pairwise comparisons between the experimental groups and the control group were conducted using Dunn\u0026rsquo;s post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction. The Mann\u0026ndash;Whitney U test was applied to compare microleakage scores between anterior and posterior teeth. The level of statistical significance was set at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe distribution of microleakage scores for all experimental and control groups is presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. Microleakage performance of gingiva-colored composite resin restorations applied over different glass ionomer base materials was evaluated separately for anterior and posterior teeth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior and posterior distribution of microleakage scores in cement.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"19\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c18\" colnum=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c19\" colnum=\"19\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosterior\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIonoseal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlass Liner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI-Liner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKontrol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,973\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical analysis using the Kruskal\u0026ndash;Wallis test revealed no significant differences in microleakage scores among the tested glass ionomer base materials or between the experimental and control groups in either tooth region. In the posterior region, no statistically significant difference was detected among the groups (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.973). Similarly, in the anterior region, the differences in microleakage scores were not statistically significant (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.997).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubsequent pairwise comparisons performed using Dunn\u0026rsquo;s post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction demonstrated that none of the experimental groups differed significantly from the control group. All adjusted p-values were equal to 1.00, indicating comparable microleakage behavior across all materials evaluated.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe comparison of microleakage scores between anterior and posterior teeth within each material group was conducted using the Mann\u0026ndash;Whitney U test. No statistically significant differences were observed between tooth regions for any of the materials tested (Ionoseal: p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.502; Glass Liner: p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.538; I-Liner: p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.762; Control: p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.881).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall, the results indicate that the type of resin-modified glass ionomer base material and tooth region did not significantly influence the microleakage performance of gingiva-colored composite resin restorations under the conditions of this in vitro study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present in vitro study evaluated the microleakage performance of gingiva-colored composite resin restorations applied over different resin-modified glass ionomer base materials in Class V root surface cavities. The findings demonstrated that none of the tested glass ionomer base materials significantly influenced microleakage behavior when compared with each other or with the control group. Therefore, the null hypothesis that the type of glass ionomer base material would not affect microleakage performance was accepted.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarginal integrity remains a critical determinant of clinical success in cervical and root surface restorations, particularly when margins are located in dentin or cementum rather than enamel (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e). The higher permeability, tubular density, and moisture content of dentin, combined with the limited bonding surface area in cervical regions, predispose restorations to microleakage and adhesive failure. Glass ionomer-based materials are frequently preferred in such clinical situations due to their chemical adhesion to dentin and cementum, fluoride release, and favorable biocompatibility (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). In the present study, the comparable microleakage outcomes observed among Ionoseal, Glass Liner, and I-Liner suggest that their bonding mechanisms and interfacial adaptation to root surface substrates are clinically equivalent under standardized conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGingiva-colored composite resins have gained increasing attention as minimally invasive alternatives for the management of gingival recession\u0026ndash;related defects, papillary deficiencies, and cervical esthetic concerns. Their ability to replicate natural gingival coloration provides a significant esthetic advantage, particularly in patients for whom surgical approaches are contraindicated or undesired (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). However, concerns have been raised regarding the influence of pigmentation and opacity on polymerization dynamics and marginal adaptation. In the present study, the absence of significant differences in microleakage among all experimental groups indicates that the gingiva-colored composite resin used exhibited adequate polymerization behavior and marginal sealing capacity, regardless of the underlying glass ionomer base material.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermal aging was incorporated into the experimental protocol to simulate intraoral temperature fluctuations, which may induce stress at the tooth\u0026ndash;restoration interface due to differences in coefficients of thermal expansion. Despite exposure to 5,000 thermocycles, no statistically significant differences were detected among the groups, suggesting that the tested materials demonstrated comparable thermal compatibility (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). This finding supports the notion that resin-modified glass ionomer bases and gingiva-colored composite resins may function harmoniously under thermal stress conditions encountered in the oral environment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe comparison between anterior and posterior teeth revealed no significant differences in microleakage scores across all groups. Although posterior teeth generally exhibit greater anatomical complexity and variations in dentin morphology, the results indicate that these factors did not adversely affect marginal sealing in the present study (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). This observation suggests that the evaluated restorative approach may be applied consistently across different tooth regions without compromising marginal integrity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is important to interpret the findings of this study within the context of its limitations. As an in vitro investigation, the experimental design cannot fully replicate the complex biological and mechanical conditions of the oral environment. Factors such as saliva contamination, biofilm formation, occlusal loading, and long-term material degradation were not simulated. Additionally, microleakage assessment was limited to dye penetration analysis, which, although widely accepted, represents only one aspect of interfacial behavior. Future studies incorporating mechanical loading, aging protocols, and long-term clinical evaluations are warranted to further elucidate the performance of gingiva-colored composite restorations in vivo (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithin these limitations, the present findings indicate that gingiva-colored composite resin restorations demonstrate comparable microleakage performance when used in conjunction with different resin-modified glass ionomer base materials. This suggests that clinicians may select glass ionomer base materials based on handling characteristics or clinical preference without adversely affecting marginal sealing in root surface restorations.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eWithin the limitations of this in vitro study, the gingiva-colored composite resin restorations demonstrated comparable microleakage performance when applied over different resin-modified glass ionomer base materials. No statistically significant differences were observed among the tested materials or between anterior and posterior teeth. These findings suggest that the selection of a resin-modified glass ionomer base material does not have a decisive influence on the marginal sealing ability of gingiva-colored composite restorations placed on root surface Class V cavities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom a clinical perspective, gingiva-colored composite resins may be considered a reliable minimally invasive option for the esthetic management of cervical and root surface defects associated with gingival recession. Clinicians may select glass ionomer base materials based on handling properties, clinical preference, or patient-specific considerations without compromising marginal integrity.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"LIMITATIONS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting the results. First, the in vitro design does not fully replicate the complex biological and mechanical conditions of the oral environment, including saliva contamination, biofilm formation, and long-term occlusal loading. Second, microleakage assessment was limited to dye penetration analysis, which, although widely used, represents only one method of evaluating marginal integrity. Finally, the relatively short-term aging protocol may not reflect long-term clinical performance. Therefore, further in vivo studies and long-term clinical trials are recommended to validate the present findings under real oral conditions.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics Approval and Consent to Participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis in vitro study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained prior to the initiation of the study. Extracted human teeth were used following informed consent and in compliance with institutional guidelines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for Publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of Data and Materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors received no specific funding for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors’ Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eŞS contributed to the study conception and design, data collection, analysis, and manuscript drafting.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;TT contributed to data acquisition and experimental procedures.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;EPB contributed to data interpretation, critical revision of the manuscript, and final approval of the version to be published.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to thank the technical staff of the Department of Restorative Dentistry for their assistance during the experimental procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConference Presentation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was previously presented as a poster at the \u003cstrong\u003eFDI World Dental Congress\u003c/strong\u003e, held on September 12–15, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eViana PC, Correia A, Neves M, Kovacs Z, Neugbauer R (2012) Soft tissue waxup and mock-up as key factors in a treatment plan: case presentation. Eur J Esthet Dent 7:310\u0026ndash;323\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePradeep K, Rajababu P, Satyanarayana D, Sagar V (2012) Gingival recession: review and strategies in treatment of recession. Case Rep Dent 2012(2):563421\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePires DED, Fernandes VV, Campos EA (2016) Gingiva-Colored Resin as a Cosmetic Alternative in the Treatment of Gingival Recession. Oper Dent 41(3):71\u0026ndash;74\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFerraris F (2017) The pink esthetics: Prosthetic solution with gingiva-colored composite resins. Eur J Esthetic Dentistry 12(2):190\u0026ndash;206\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDa Rodolpho R, Donassollo PA, Cenci TA, Loguercio MS, A. D., Demarco FF (2011) Clinical performance of resin composite restorations after 11 years. J Adhesive Dentistry 13(3):251\u0026ndash;259\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVillalta P, Lu H, Okte Z, Garcia-Godoy F, Powers JM (2006) Effects of staining and bleaching on color change of dental composite resins. J Prosthet Dent 95(2):137\u0026ndash;142\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTjan AH, Dunn JR (1986) Microleakage of core materials for complete cast gold crowns. J Prosthet Dent 56(5):540\u0026ndash;544\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKanca J (1996) Effect of resin primer solvents and surface wetness on resin composite bond strength to dentin. Am J Dent 9(1):20\u0026ndash;22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTay FR, Pashley DH (2003) Resin bonding to cervical sclerotic dentin: A review. J Dent 31(7):495\u0026ndash;507\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePashley DH, Tay FR, Breschi L, Tj\u0026auml;derhane L, Carvalho RM, Carrilho M, Tezvergil-Mutluay A (2011) State of the art etch-and-rinse adhesives. Dent Mater 27(1):1\u0026ndash;16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTayel DM, El-Sharkawy MM, El-Sayed MM (2016) Microleakage of Class II composite restorations with different restorative techniques (an in vitro study). Alexandria Dent J 41(2):138\u0026ndash;145\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSidhu SK (2011) Glass-ionomer cement restorative materials: a sticky subject. Dent Mater 30(3):170\u0026ndash;178\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNicholson JW, Czarnecka B (2008) The biocompatibility of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements for dentistry. Dent Mater 24(12):1702\u0026ndash;1708\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eParavina RD et al (2015) Color and optical properties of dental materials. J Dent 43(1):34\u0026ndash;43\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVan Meerbeek B et al (2003) Adhesion to enamel and dentin: current status and future challenges. Oper Dent 28(3):215\u0026ndash;235\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Gingiva-colored composite resin, Glass ionomer cement, Microleakage, Class V cavities, Root surface restorations","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8725086/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8725086/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis in vitro study aimed to evaluate the microleakage performance of gingiva-colored composite resin restorations applied over different resin-modified glass ionomer base materials on root surface Class V cavities associated with gingival recession.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMaterials and Methods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eClass V cavities were prepared on the buccal root surfaces of 28 anterior and 28 premolar human teeth extracted for orthodontic or periodontal reasons. The specimens were randomly assigned according to the base material used: Ionoseal, Glass Liner, I-Liner, or no base material (control group). All cavities were restored with a gingiva-colored composite resin (Amaris Gingiva). After restoration, the specimens were thermocycled and immersed in a 2% basic fuchsin dye solution for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned bucco-palatinally, and dye penetration was assessed under a stereomicroscope at \u0026times;25 magnification. Microleakage scores were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal\u0026ndash;Wallis test, followed by Dunn post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo statistically significant differences were observed in microleakage scores among the experimental groups or between the experimental and control groups in either anterior or posterior teeth (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithin the limitations of this in vitro study, gingiva-colored composite resin restorations demonstrated comparable microleakage performance when used with different resin-modified glass ionomer base materials. These findings suggest that the choice of glass ionomer base material does not significantly influence the marginal sealing ability of gingiva-colored composite restorations on root surface cavities.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Microleakage Performance of Gingiva-colored Composite Resins Used With Different Glass Ionomer Materials","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-12 15:11:03","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8725086/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5dc57713-af9a-475c-9400-8a9e9991b273","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 12th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-25T05:55:17+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-12 15:11:03","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8725086","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8725086","identity":"rs-8725086","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}