Brain sciences

Much of the interoception literature assumes that people can accurately detect their heart rate, stomach contractility, muscle tension, and other biological cues. This is not true. Instead, interoception is an active integrative psychologic…

Background/objectivesChronic primary pain (CPP) is a new diagnostic category including chronic pain conditions lacking clinical signs or a clear etiopathogenetic origin. These disorders may share a common neural mechanism known as central s…

Background: As a non-weight-bearing full-body exercise, swimming may reduce inflammation and boost anti-inflammatory agents to decrease the risk of cardiovascular, neurological, and rheumatological disorders. This systematic review examines…

Background/Objectives: To determine the incidence of and risk factors for uncomfortable paresthesia and/or dysesthesia after tonic percutaneous spinal cord stimulator implantation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the pros…

Exposure to physical and psychological stress modulates pain transmission in a dual manner. Stress-induced analgesia (SIA) refers to the reduction in pain sensitivity that can occur in response to acute stress. On the contrary, chronic stre…

Sexual dimorphism in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and their comorbidity with migraine are important phenomena observed in clinics. TMDs are the most prevalent orofacial pain conditions with jaw joint and masseter muscle dysfunction. M…

People with fibromyalgia have been shown to experience more somatosensory disturbances than pain-free controls during sensorimotor conflicts (i.e., incongruence between visual and somatosensory feedback). Sensorimotor conflicts are known to…

Female-specific risk factors for stroke have gradually received attention. The relationship between ischemic stroke and adenomyosis, a benign uterine disorder commonly present in parous women, is underrecognized. We aimed to provide an over…

Bodily experiences such as the feeling of touch, pain or inner signals of the body are deeply emotional and activate brain networks that mediate their perception and higher-order processing. While the ad hoc perception of bodily signals and…

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a novel technique to stimulate the human brain through the scalp. Over the years, identifying the optimal brain region and stimulation parameters has been a subject of debate in the lit…

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) affects about 4-16% of adult women, and about one-third of them require medical assistance due to severe symptoms. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the supplementary motor area (SM…

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) exert devastating effects on body awareness, leading to the disruption of the transmission of sensory and motor inputs. Researchers have attempted to improve perceived body awareness post-SCI by intervening at th…

Both the gut-brain axis (GBA) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis remain an intriguing yet obscure network with a strong influence over other systems of organs. Recent reports have sought to describe the multitude of harmful s…

Chronic pain affecting the pelvic and urogenital area is a major clinical problem with heterogeneous etiology, affecting both male and female patients and severely compromising quality of life. In cases where pharmacotherapy is ineffective,…