Reviews in urology

We recently cared for a patient with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas who presented with ureteral metastasis followed by hydroureteronephrosis long before the appearance of any symptoms related to the primary lesion. The entity is extremely r…

Updates on hormonal therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer are presented. The most common therapy is to reduce testosterone to castrate levels. A dosage of 1 mg diethylstilbestrol daily prolonged survival in patients with advanced pros…

As an increasing number of treatment options for urologic disorders become available, patients with these conditions are more often able to be managed in the primary care setting. Primary care physicians, therefore, must become more knowled…

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a bladder syndrome of unknown etiology. The cause of IC is most likely multifactorial and includes genetic and environmental factors. Various pathophysiological changes in the bladder, pelvis, and peripheral an…

Evidence of a lower urinary tract dysfunctional epithelium has been detected in women and men with interstitial cystitis and other complexes of lower urinary tract symptoms. Lower urinary tract dysfunctional epithelium can affect the bladde…

Knowledge of the epidemiology of interstitial cystitis (IC), the burden of the disease in the population, and the identification of possible risk factors remains largely fragmentary. The most reliable information comes from the few populati…