Frontiers in immunology

Macrophages are innate immune cells present in all tissues and play an important role in almost all aspects of the biology of living organisms. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by cells and transport their contents (micro RNAs, mRN…

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas and a complex process involving multiple factors, with mitochondrial damage playing a crucial role. Mitochondrial dysfunction is now considered a key driver in the developme…

The Mucin (MUC) family, a range of highly glycosylated macromolecules, is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian epithelial cells. Such molecules are pivotal in establishing protective mucosal barriers, serving as defenses against pathogenic a…

Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has emerged as a promising frontier in cancer treatment, especially for solid tumours. While immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells have demonstrated impressive results, their limitati…

BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis, a recently discovered iron-dependent cell death, is linked to various diseases but its role in endometriosis is still not fully understood. METHODS: In this study, we integrated microarray data of endometriosis fro…

Pathogenesis of endometriosis (EN) is still unknown, but growing evidence suggests that immune regulation may be important, and the pattern of peripheral immune changes in reproductive women with EN has yet to be fully explored. In this stu…

INTRODUCTION: Over the past decades, immune dysregulation has been consistently demonstrated being common charactoristics of endometriosis (EM) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in numerous studies. However, the underlying pathological m…

Endometriosis (EM) is defined as the engraftment and proliferation of functional endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, leading to a chronic inflammatory condition. While the precise etiology of EM remains elusive, recent studi…

BACKGROUND: Unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) is a clinical dilemma in reproductive fields. Its diagnosis is mainly exclusionary after extensive clinical examination, and some of the patients may still face the risk of miscarriage…

The occurrence of ovarian cancer (OC) is a major factor in women's mortality rates. Despite progress in medical treatments, like new drugs targeting homologous recombination deficiency, survival rates for OC patients are still not ideal. Th…

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of gluten-related disorders, mainly celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), varies between 0.6% and 13% in the general population. There is controversial evidence regarding the association …

In 2005, Altuvia and colleagues were the first to identify the gene that encodes miR-451 in the human pituitary gland, located in chromosome region 17q11.2. Subsequent studies have confirmed that miR-451 regulates various immune cells, incl…

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting 6-20% of women of childbearing age worldwide. Immune cell imbalance and dysregulation of inflammatory factors can lead to systematic low-grade chroni…

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of peritoneal metastasis (PM) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has a dismal prognosis. There is often limited response to systemic- and immunotherapy, even in microsatellite unstable (MSI) CRC. To overcome…

BACKGROUND: Evidence from observational studies and clinical trials has associated gut microbiota with infectious diseases. However, the causal relationship between gut microbiota and infectious diseases remains unclear. METHODS: We identi…

The cGAS-STING pathway has become a crucial role in the detection of cytosolic DNA and the initiation of immune responses. The cGAS-STING pathway not only mediates protective immune defense against various DNA-containing pathogens but also …

Heme degradation by the heme oxygenase (HMOX) family of enzymes is critical for maintaining homeostasis and limiting heme-induced tissue damage. Macrophages express HMOX1 and 2 and are critical sites of heme degradation in healthy and disea…

Exposure to environmental contaminants can result in profound effects on the host immune system. One class of environmental toxicants, known as dioxins, are persistent environmental contaminants termed "forever chemicals". The archetype tox…

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes debilitating pelvic pain in women. Macrophages are considered to be key players in promoting disease progression, as abundant macrophages are present in ectopic lesions and elevate…

In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial component of cancer treatment. However, its efficacy remains limited across various cancer types, highlighting unmet needs. Poliovirus receptor-related 2 (PVRL2) and Poliovirus recepto…

Autoimmune diseases encompass a wide range of disorders characterized by disturbed immunoregulation leading to the development of specific autoantibodies, which cause inflammation and multiple organ involvement. However, its pathogenesis re…

BackgroundBullous pemphigoid (BP) is a rare, life-threatening autoimmune blistering disease with pruritus and tension blisters/bullous as the main clinical manifestations. Glucocorticosteroids are the main therapeutic agents for it, but the…

Variation within the non-coding genome may influence the regulation and expression of important genes involved in immune control such as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. Class I and Class II HLA molecules are essential for peptide …

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is often associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. But it's currently unclear regarding the role of SLE in oocyte and embryonic development. Also, it's controversial whether SLE has an adv…

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of pancreatitis involves diverse environmental risk factors, some of which have not yet been clearly elucidated. This study systematically investigated the causal effects of genetically predicted modifiable risk…