Biomolecules

Cell migration capacity represents an essential function of the immune system. Pregnancy involves numerous morphogenetic events, angiogenesis, the establishment of intercellular connections, and complex interactions between maternal and fet…

Retinal Müller glial cells (RMG) play a crucial role in retinal neuroinflammation, including autoimmune uveitis. Increasing evidence supports their function as active modulators of immune responses and potential atypical antigen-presenting …

The window of implantation (WOI) is a critical phase of the menstrual cycle during which the endometrial lining becomes receptive and facilitates embryo implantation. Drawing on findings from various branches of "omics", including genomics,…

Endometriosis is a complicated condition characterized by inflammation, low oocyte quality, and decreased uterus receptivity, associated with fertility issues. This study aims to better understand the reduced pregnancy outcome in endometrio…

The female reproductive tract (FRT) serves as the core of human reproduction, and its health is directly related to population quantity and family happiness. The high incidence rate of female reproductive tract diseases globally poses a sev…

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that mediates diverse signaling events in multiple cell types, including immune cells. It is also a prognostic indicator for multiple clinically important disorders, including cardiovascu…

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 6-19% of reproductive-age women worldwide, yet diagnosis remains challenging due to heterogeneous presentations and symptoms overlapping with other endocrine disorders. Recent studies have shown that…

HOX genes, a family of conserved transcription factors, are critical for reproductive tract development and endometrial functionality. This review highlights the molecular underpinnings of HOXA10/HOXA11 in reproductive health and their dysr…

From an immunological perspective, infertility mechanisms encompass not only fertilization but also implantation, as well as both early and late pregnancy loss. Growing attention is being directed towards the influence of systemic disorders…

This review examines the regulatory role of m6A methylation modification in embryo implantation, focusing specifically on its impact on uterine receptivity and decidualization. It offers a comprehensive examination of the essential theoreti…

The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family includes several membrane-bound enzymes. Membrane-type 5 matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP) is unique amongst the MMP family in being primarily expressed in the brain and during development. It is p…

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal malignancy of the urinary system, with limited treatment options due to drug resistance and the adverse effects associated with current therapies. This review aims to systematically examine the …

Endometriosis (EMS) is an estrogen-dependent disorder that affects about 10% of reproductive-age women. EMS affects female neuroendocrine and reproductive functions, greatly compromising female reproductive health and quality of life. Howev…

Endometriosis (ENDO) and poor ovarian response (POR) represent challenging conditions in assisted reproduction. Both, associated with altered follicular fluid (FF) composition, specifically impact on granulosa cell (GC) function in an incom…

Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent disorder associated with the presence of endometrial cells mainly in the pelvic cavity, causing systemic immune inflammation, infertility, epigenetic dysregulation of differential DNA methylati…

PHI-1, encoded by PPP1R14B, regulates cellular protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) signaling and has emerged as both a biomarker and therapeutic target. Initially identified as a phospholipase-neighboring gene (PNG), PHI-1 is now known for its phos…

Implantation is a complex and tightly regulated process essential for the establishment of pregnancy. It involves dynamic interactions between a receptive uterus and a competent embryo, orchestrated by ovarian hormones such as estrogen and …

This feasibility study explores the potential of salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing endometriosis and assessing treatment response. Almost one-third of patients with endometriosis do not respond to the sta…

Aging involves immune system deterioration (immunosenescence) and increased oxidative stress, both associated with morbidity and mortality. Menopause accelerates aging, highlighting the need for strategies to mitigate its effects in postmen…

Cellular senescence leads to stable cell cycle arrest and an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype that varies with stressor and cell type. To mitigate these effects and improve health, senotherapeutics (e.g., senolytics an…

The human endometrium is unique in that it has a high potential for regeneration after menstruation without scarring. Although growth factors are thought to be responsible for scar formation, it has recently been shown for foetal skin that …

Endometriosis-associated pain has debilitating effects on the quality of life of patients. Despite its high prevalence in reproductive-aged women, the pathophysiology is still unknown, impeding the development of targeted treatment approach…

Malignant diseases represent a major global health challenge and are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Accurate early diagnosis is essential for improving outcomes and combating these conditions effectively. Currently, the diagno…

Macrophages are multifunctional immune cells distributed throughout the whole body, and they have functions in antigen presentation, phagocytosis, killing, and immune regulation. As the most widely studied molecule in the netrin family, net…

MSI-H/dMMR endometrial cancer (EC) is closely linked to the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway, and its pathogenesis is associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) caused by abnormalities in the core genes of the conventional MMR system. Th…