Anesthesia and analgesia

One of the functions of organism cells is to maintain energy homeostasis to promote metabolism and adapt to the environment. The 3 major pathways of cellular energy metabolism are glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidativ…

One of the most prevalent symptoms after major surgery is pain. When postoperative pain treatment is unsatisfactory, it can lead to poor surgical recovery, decreased quality of life, and increased health care costs. Current analgesics, sing…

Hemiplegic migraine is a condition associated with vascular alteration of the central nervous system and transient neurologic deficits. Permanent morphine-induced motor dysfunction has been reported after spinal ischemia. We report a persis…

BackgroundAfter surgery, cytokines and chemokines are released at the surgical wound site, which can contribute to postoperative pain, local inflammation, and tissue repair. Multiple cell types are present that can release cytokines/chemoki…

Laparoscopic surgery represents a significant advance in surgical technique, but a number of physiologic sequelae result from positioning and insufflation. These physiologic changes may be more significant in patients with complex congenita…