The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

CONTEXT: Endometriosis is a common condition associated with infertility and pelvic pain in women. Recent in vitro studies have shown that statins decrease proliferation of endometrial stroma (ES) and inhibit angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE: The a…

CONTEXT: Age at menarche (AAM) is an important trait both biologically and socially, a clearly defined event in female pubertal development, and has been associated with many clinically significant phenotypes. OBJECTIVE: The objective of t…

CONTEXT: Up-regulation of aromatase expression in endometrial cells disseminated into the peritoneal cavity may enhance their survival via local estrogen synthesis, which may lead to endometriosis. The factors that mediate induction of arom…

CONTEXT: Control of aromatase expression in uterine leiomyoma has significant clinical implications because aromatase inhibitors reduce tumor growth and associated irregular uterine bleeding. The mechanisms that regulate aromatase expressio…

CONTEXT: Continuous oral contraception may better suppress the ovary and endometrium, lending itself to the treatment of other medical conditions. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the effects of continuous vs. cyclical oral contra…

CONTEXT: It is generally assumed that delayed endometrial development observed in luteal phase deficiency (LPD) is the result of abnormally low progesterone (P) levels. This hypothesis has never been tested by direct experiment. OBJECTIVE:…

CONTEXT: Estradiol and its nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta, play critical roles in endometrium and endometriosis. Levels of ERbeta, due to pathological hypomethylation of its promoter, are significantly higher in …

CONTEXT: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity, causing pelvic pain and infertility in 10% of reproductive-aged women. It is unclear why ectopic endo…

CONTEXT: substantial evidence suggests that the expression of steroid metabolizing enzymes in endometriosis is altered, turning the ectopic endometrium into a source of 17beta-estradiol. However, whether these differences result in a net in…

CONTEXT: Products of at least five specific steroidogenic genes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), which facilitates the entry of cytosolic cholesterol into the mitochondrion, side chain cleavage P450 enzyme, 3beta-hy…

CONTEXT: Parenteral administration of peptide GnRH analogs is widely employed for treatment of endometriosis and fibroids and in assisted-reproductive therapy protocols. Elagolix is a novel, orally available nonpeptide GnRH antagonist. OBJ…

CONTEXT: Female reproduction spans a developmental life arc from fetal life and childhood, through puberty to the reproductive years, and, finally, ovarian follicle depletion and the onset of menopause. OBJECTIVE: This invited review highl…

CONTEXT: Progestin-only pills, the main hormonal alternative to ethinyl estradiol-containing pills in women bearing vascular risk factors, are poorly tolerated due to irregular bleeding. In contrast, progesterone receptor modulators can inh…

CONTEXT: Metformin, a widely used treatment for diabetes that improves insulin sensitivity, also has both antiinflammatory properties and a modulatory effect on ovarian steroid production, two actions that have been suggested to be efficaci…

CONTEXT: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease. Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), a transcriptional factor essential for activation of multiple steroidogenic genes for estrogen biosynthesis, is undetectable in normal endometrial strom…

CONTEXT: The P450 enzyme aromatase (CYP19) plays a crucial role in the endocrine and paracrine biosynthesis of estrogens from androgens in many diverse estrogen-responsive tissues. Complete aromatase deficiency has been reported in a small …

CONTEXT: Endometriosis, the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, is principally an estrogen-dependent disease. In contrast, exposure to progesterone during pregnancy or therapeutically has been shown to provide benefit to some w…

CONTEXT: The etiology and molecular pathogenesis of endometriosis, a prevalent estrogen-dependent gynecologic disease, are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to identify the differentially expressed genes between …

CONTEXT: Endometrial remodeling occurs during each menstrual cycle in women and also during the establishment of endometriosis. Both processes involve the production of metalloproteinases (MMPs) by uterine endometrial cells. OBJECTIVE: The…

CONTEXT: Irregular bleeding is common in users of combined hormone therapy (HT) and often leads to invasive and expensive investigations to exclude underlying pathology. The mechanisms of HT-related bleeding are poorly understood. Endometri…

CONTEXT: Glycodelin (GdA) is an immunosuppressive endometrial glycoprotein critical for embryonic implantation and pregnancy establishment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of dioxin [2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodib…

CONTEXT: Prostaglandins (PGs) produced within ovarian follicles in response to the ovulatory gonadotropin surge are essential for follicle rupture and oocyte release. Arachidonic acid, the common precursor for PG synthesis, is cleaved from …

Aberrant production of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays pivotal roles in many pathological processes including tumorigenesis and endometriosis, although the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Herein we report evidence to demonstrate that C…

IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is a major product of decidualized human endometrial stromal cells and decidua, and as a modulator of IGF action and/or by independent mechanisms, it regulates cell growth and differentiation and embryonic im…