Human reproduction (Oxford, England)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) play complementary roles in follicle development and ovulation via a complex interaction in the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, reproductive organs, and oocytes. Impair…

STUDY QUESTION: Do female adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer have a higher risk of subsequent infertility diagnosis than AYAs without cancer? SUMMARY ANSWER: Female AYAs with breast, hematological, thyroid and melanoma cancer …

STUDY QUESTION: Is a history of periodontitis among women associated with reduced fecundability? SUMMARY ANSWER: A history of periodontitis, as assessed by three different self-reported measures, may be associated with reduced fecundabilit…

STUDY QUESTION: What thresholds for total sperm count, sperm concentration, progressive motility, and total progressive motile sperm count (TPMC) are associated with earlier time-to-conception in couples undergoing fertility evaluation? SU…

STUDY QUESTION: Are SARS-CoV-2 canonical cell entry machinery, consisting of ACE2, TMPRSS2, NRP1 and LY6E, or alternative potential cell entry machinery, consisting of BSG, ANPEP, CD209, CLEC4G, TMPRSS4, TMPRSS11A, FURIN, CTSB, CTSL and IFI…

STUDY QUESTION: What is the association between ART conception and treatment parameters and the risk of birth defects? SUMMARY ANSWER: Compared to naturally conceived singleton infants, the risk of a major nonchromosomal defect among ART s…

Study questionIs IVF with frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer (freeze-all strategy) more effective than IVF with fresh and frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer (conventional strategy)?Summary answerThe freeze-all strategy was inferior to the con…

STUDY QUESTION: Has there been there a temporal change in time-to-pregnancy (TTP) in the USA. SUMMARY ANSWER: Overall, TTP was stable over time, but a longer TTP for women over 30 and parous women was identified. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Fe…

The majority of research within reproductive and gynecologic health, or investigating ART, is observational in design. One of the most critical challenges for observational studies is confounding, while one of the most important for discove…

STUDY QUESTION: Can a core outcome set to standardize outcome selection, collection and reporting across future infertility research be developed? SUMMARY ANSWER: A minimum data set, known as a core outcome set, has been developed for rand…

STUDY QUESTION: Can an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model predict human embryo viability using images captured by optical light microscopy? SUMMARY ANSWER: We have combined computer vision image processing methods and deep learning t…

STUDY QUESTION: Which transcriptomic alterations in mid-luteal endometrial scratch biopsies, taken prior to the assisted reproductive treatment (ART) treatment cycle are associated with unsuccessful pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER: Dysregulated …

STUDY QUESTION: Are progesterone vaginal pessaries 400 mg twice a day (bid) non-inferior to progesterone vaginal gel (90 mg) once a day (od) in the primary endpoint of clinical pregnancy rate after 38 days of luteal phase support in women u…

Study questionDoes follicular flushing increase the number of mature oocytes in monofollicular IVF?Summary answerFollicular flushing increases the number of mature oocytes in monofollicular IVF.What is known alreadyFlushing increases neithe…

Study questionWhat are the patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and patient-reported experiences (PREs) in home-based monitoring compared to those in hospital-based monitoring of ovulation for scheduling frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET)?Summ…

STUDY QUESTION: Are intrauterine insemination (IUI) performance characteristics and post-processing total motile sperm count (TMC) related to live birth rate in couples with unexplained infertility? SUMMARY ANSWER: Patient discomfort with …

STUDY QUESTION: How does a history of dramatic weight loss linked to bariatric surgery impact IVF outcomes? SUMMARY ANSWER: Women with a history of bariatric surgery who had undergone IVF had a comparable cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) …

STUDY QUESTION: What proportion of fertilized human ova are lost before implantation? SUMMARY ANSWER: An estimated 40 to 50% of fertilized ova fail to implant. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Preimplantation loss is not detectable with current tec…

STUDY QUESTION: Can endometrial stromal stem/progenitor cell markers, SUSD2 and CD146/CD140b, enrich for human myometrial and fibroid stem/progenitor cells? SUMMARY ANSWER: SUSD2 enriches for myometrial and fibroid cells that have mesenchy…

STUDY QUESTION: Can consensus definitions for the core outcome set for infertility be identified in order to recommend a standardized approach to reporting? SUMMARY ANSWER: Consensus definitions for individual core outcomes, contextual sta…

A mediator is a factor that occurs after the exposure of interest, precedes the outcome of interest (i.e. between the exposure and the outcome) and is associated with both the exposure and the outcome of interest (i.e. is on the pathway bet…

STUDY QUESTION: Is air pollution associated with IVF treatment outcomes in the USA? SUMMARY ANSWER: We did not find clear evidence of a meaningful association between reproductive outcomes and average daily concentrations of particulate ma…

Study questionDo cumulative live birth rates (CLBRs) over multiple IVF/ICSI cycles confirm the low prognosis in women stratified according to the POSEIDON criteria?Summary answerThe CLBR of low-prognosis women is ~56% over 18 months of IVF/…

STUDY QUESTION: What is the association of female and male partner marijuana smoking with infertility treatment outcomes with ART? SUMMARY ANSWER: Women who were marijuana smokers at enrollment had a significantly higher adjusted probabili…