Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

Menstrual blood (MB), once thought of as nothing more than biological waste, has now come to be regarded as a noninvasive and low-cost diagnostic tool with great potential for women's health research and clinical use areas. MB is a complex …

BackgroundPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a genetically diverse endocrine disorder affecting 5-20% of reproductive-aged women worldwide. It is a significant cause of hyperandrogenism, anovulatory infertility, menstrual dysfunction, an…

ObjectiveThis study aims to determine whether pretreatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) can improve clinical outcomes.Trial design and methodsThis single-blinded, noninferiority randomized clinical trial aimed to com…

Introduction and importancePerioperative management of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) becomes significantly more complex in patients with neuromuscular conditions such as myasthenia gravis (MG). Herein, we describe a case of surgically manage…

IntroductionInfective endocarditis is a critical and fatal condition characterized by infection of the endocardium, including the heart valves, cardiac devices, central catheters, and nonfunctional embryonic remnants of the right atrium, su…

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn is type 2 of Müllerian duct anomalies. Pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of the unicornuate uterus is an uncommon presentation of an ectopic pregnancy, which is difficu…

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the triad of uterus didelphys, unilateral obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. However, atypical presentat…

BACKGROUND: Adenomyosis is a benign disease characterized by the invasion of endometrial glands and stroma into the uterine myometrium, commonly presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. METHODS: This paper retrospectively analyzes three …

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common gynecological condition characterized by excessive menstrual blood loss, often leading to anemia and reduced quality of life. Inflammation plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis, with interleukin…

IntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare, particularly in disease diagnostics, by improving accuracy, efficiency, and personalization. Its applications span medical imaging, pathology, and personalized medicine…

IntroductionOvarian cancer (OC) and endometrial cancer (EC) represent two prevalent tumors within the female reproductive system, characterized by high incidence rates. Nonetheless, the clinicopathological features of synchronous endometria…

BACKGROUND: Rectal endometriosis is a complex condition requiring multidisciplinary treatment. Accurate preoperative assessment is critical for selecting the appropriate surgical technique, with transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and endorectal …

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a gynecological disease with high occurrence, and symptoms include dysmenorrhea, infertility, and dyspareunia, which seriously affect women's quality of life. Antioxidants are beneficial in improving the symptom…

Menopausal vasomotor symptoms (VMS), such as hot flashes and night sweats, significantly impact the quality of life for many women. While hormone therapy remains a standard treatment, it is not suitable for all patients due to contraindicat…

Introduction and importanceTuberculosis (TB), a major global health issue, predominantly affects the lungs but can manifest as extrapulmonary TB, including rare genitourinary TB. Isolated genital TB is uncommon, making diagnosis challenging…

Monocytes, as essential components of the immune system, play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses throughout the menstrual cycle. Their cytokine secretion is integral to immune modulation, influencing processes like endometrial re…

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are a heterogeneous group of natural or synthetic chemicals capable of interfering with hormonal regulation. Widely present in plastics, cosmetics, pesticides, food packaging, and household products, they contribu…

IntroductionOvarian ectopic pregnancy (OEP), an uncommon and life-threatening condition, represents 0.5-3% of all ectopic pregnancies.Case presentationA 30-year-old lady (G5P2 + 1) presented with severe lower abdominal pain and tenesmus pai…

Leukocytes are critical mediators of immune responses and play multifaceted roles in female reproductive health, influencing processes such as menstruation, ovulation, implantation, pregnancy, and parturition. This review examines the dynam…

INTRODUCTION: Diaphragmatic endometriosis is considered the most common extrapelvic localization of endometriosis. Thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES) involves endometriotic deposits in the pleura and lungs. Diaphragmatic endometriosis an…

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Pelvic splenosis is characterized by the autotransplantation of spleen fragments following tissue rupture. Since the fragments are mostly implanted into the Douglas pouch, endometriosis-like symptoms are develop…

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common and impactful reproductive health issue that affects women worldwide, with significant implications for physical, emotional, and social well-being. In Africa, the prevalence of HMB is underreported…