Frontiers in pharmacology

BACKGROUND: Clinical pharmacology teaching is often limited by abstract content and insufficient integration of anatomical structure, physiological regulation, and drug targets. Traditional teaching models make it difficult for interns to t…

INTRODUCTION: The female reproductive tract (FRT) is underrepresented in Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, creating a critical gap for data-driven, female-specific decision-making. To address this gap, a PBPK model extens…

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression pattern, diagnostic value, and molecular mechanism of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD) in uterine leiomyoma (ULM)-associated fibrosis, and to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and ther…

BACKGROUND: Elagolix and Myfembree are gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-pathway therapies used for endometriosis, but their post-marketing safety reporting patterns remain incompletely characterized. Because spontaneous reporting datab…

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, yet no pharmacological therapy has achieved regulatory approval. Flavonoids, plant-derived polyphenols encompass…

Endometriosis is a chronic, heterogeneous gynaecological disorder characterised by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity and is associated with pain, infertility, and reduced quality of life. Emerging evidence s…

INTRODUCTION: Cordyline terminalis is an important ornamental and medicinal plant valued for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, hypolipidemic, and wound-healing activities outcomes. Biochar is a carbonaceo…

OBJECTIVE: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are omnipresent, persistent contaminants associated with rising ovarian cancer incidence; however, the molecular circuitry linking PFAS to ovarian tumorigenesis remains obscure. METHODS…

Endometriosis (EMs) is a gynecological inflammatory disease that depends on estrogen. Its chief symptoms include dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, reduced fertility, and pelvic masses. Although various hormonal therapies and surgical treat…

Female reproductive health depends on precisely coordinated metabolic, hormonal, immune, and epigenetic networks. Lactylation is a lactate-derived lysine post-translational modification that provides a direct mechanism by which glycolytic m…

BACKGROUND: In 2020, South Korea's National Health Insurance (NHI) began reimbursing individually prescribed herbal medicine decoctions (HMDs) for dysmenorrhea, highlighting the need for robust post-coverage safety monitoring using national…

Female reproductive disorders represent a major global health challenge. Despite their clinical heterogeneity, these conditions share core pathological mechanisms including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalance, metabol…

BACKGROUND: Adenomyosis occurs when tissue from the inner lining of the endometrium grows into the muscle wall of the myometrium. Previous studies have suggested that High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) combined with medications may im…

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OC) remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy, with platinum sensitivity being a key determinant of treatment outcomes. The KELIM model, derived from CA-125 kinetics, is a promising biomarker for predictin…

Vitamin D has attracted increasing attention in male reproduction, male fertility, and sperm function, but its pharmacological relevance remains incompletely defined. This review synthesizes current evidence on the molecular mechanisms and …

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a chronic, heterogeneous disease with limited non-hormonal treatment options. Drug repurposing provides an accelerated route to identify safe, tolerable, and potentially effective therapies for endometriosis. Re…

OBJECTIVE: Whether large language models (LLMs) can effectively facilitate CM knowledge acquisition remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the adherence of LLMs to Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) in CM. METHODS: This cross-sectio…

BACKGROUND: T cells are contributors to atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing T helper (ThGM) cells, a specialized helper T cell subset that highly expresses GM-CSF but lacks other…

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of the Er Zhi Tian Gui Formula (EZTGF) in diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET); to examine the pharmacological mechanism of EZTGF in inhi…

Ovarian cancer, particularly epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), is the most aggressive and lethal gynecologic malignancy, necessitating the development of innovative and potent therapies to improve its prognosis. Human polo-like kinase 1 (PLK…

BACKGROUND: Spironolactone, eplerenone, and finerenone are three commonly used mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) with cardioprotective and renoprotective effects. However, comparative real-world safety evaluations remain limited…

Endometriosis (EMs) is an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory disease. While apoptosis resistance (evidenced by Bcl-2 upregulation and Bax/caspase-3 downregulation) remains a hallmark of EMs, recent studies reveal a paradoxical coexiste…

CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) is a G protein-coupled chemokine receptor that plays a key role in regulating immune responses and is involved in various pathological processes, particularly in tumor development and inflammatory diseases, …