Frontiers in pharmacology

BackgroundClinical pharmacology teaching is often limited by abstract content and insufficient integration of anatomical structure, physiological regulation, and drug targets. Traditional teaching models make it difficult for interns to tra…

BACKGROUND: Elagolix and Myfembree are gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-pathway therapies used for endometriosis, but their post-marketing safety reporting patterns remain incompletely characterized. Because spontaneous reporting datab…

Chronic pain is increasingly recognized as a multidimensional condition in which neuroimmune interactions shape disease vulnerability and persistence. Among the emerging pain phenotypes, nociplastic pain (defined as an alteration of nocicep…

Endometriosis (EMs) is a gynecological inflammatory disease that depends on estrogen. Its chief symptoms include dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, reduced fertility, and pelvic masses. Although various hormonal therapies and surgical treat…

BackgroundIn 2020, South Korea's National Health Insurance (NHI) began reimbursing individually prescribed herbal medicine decoctions (HMDs) for dysmenorrhea, highlighting the need for robust post-coverage safety monitoring using national c…

Female reproductive disorders represent a major global health challenge. Despite their clinical heterogeneity, these conditions share core pathological mechanisms including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalance, metabol…

BACKGROUND: Adenomyosis occurs when tissue from the inner lining of the endometrium grows into the muscle wall of the myometrium. Previous studies have suggested that High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) combined with medications may im…

BackgroundOvarian cancer (OC) remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy, with platinum sensitivity being a key determinant of treatment outcomes. The KELIM model, derived from CA-125 kinetics, is a promising biomarker for predicting …

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a chronic, heterogeneous disease with limited non-hormonal treatment options. Drug repurposing provides an accelerated route to identify safe, tolerable, and potentially effective therapies for endometriosis. Re…

ObjectiveWhether large language models (LLMs) can effectively facilitate CM knowledge acquisition remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the adherence of LLMs to Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) in CM.MethodsThis cross-sectional st…

BackgroundT cells are contributors to atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing T helper (ThGM) cells, a specialized helper T cell subset that highly expresses GM-CSF but lacks other h…

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of the Er Zhi Tian Gui Formula (EZTGF) in diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET); to examine the pharmacological mechanism of EZTGF in inhibi…

Ovarian cancer, particularly epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), is the most aggressive and lethal gynecologic malignancy, necessitating the development of innovative and potent therapies to improve its prognosis. Human polo-like kinase 1 (PLK…

BACKGROUND: Spironolactone, eplerenone, and finerenone are three commonly used mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) with cardioprotective and renoprotective effects. However, comparative real-world safety evaluations remain limited…

Endometriosis (EMs) is an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory disease. While apoptosis resistance (evidenced by Bcl-2 upregulation and Bax/caspase-3 downregulation) remains a hallmark of EMs, recent studies reveal a paradoxical coexiste…

CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) is a G protein-coupled chemokine receptor that plays a key role in regulating immune responses and is involved in various pathological processes, particularly in tumor development and inflammatory diseases, …

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are the most common benign gynecologic tumors, affecting up to 80% of women by age 50, with higher prevalence and symptom severity reported in women of African descent. These monoclonal tumors originate from sm…

Euodiae Fructus (EF) is the dried and nearly ripe fruit of Euodia rutaecarpa, first recorded in Shen Nong's Herbal Classic. EF is a versatile Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) known for the effects of dispelling colds and alleviating pain,…

This work examines the anticancer activity, the anti-inflammatory nature, and the cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract obtained from the female flowers of Cannabis sativa L using molecular methods in vitro, animal testing in vivo, as well as…

Formononetin (FMN) is a common natural metabolite that can be extracted and isolated from some common botanical drugs. In recent years, FMN has garnered increasing attention due to its beneficial biological activities. In this paper, we sys…

IntroductionPrimary dysmenorrhea (PD) is characterized by pain during the menstrual cycle, affects women's health. Our group developed a traditional Chinese medicine plaster (Wentong plaster, WTT) for the treatment of PD. However, the under…

BackgroundCold exposure can induce microvascular damage, which in turn contributes to various gynecological disorders. Liangfang Wenjing Decoction (LFWJD), a classical botanical drug prescription, has long been used to treat gynecological d…