Children (Basel, Switzerland)

Background: For decades, the ketogenic diet has been successfully used for the treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms through which it affects metabolism are not fully understood, but the hormonal chan…

Background/Objectives: Admission of a newborn to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) places mothers under considerable psychological strain, yet there is limited research from resource-limited settings regarding this aspect. This study re…

Medical gaslighting has emerged as a widely used term describing situations in which patients or caregivers perceive that their symptoms are minimized, dismissed, or prematurely attributed to psychological causes without adequate clinical e…

BackgroundThe rising rates of gallstones and cholecystectomy in pediatric populations underscore the increasing concern regarding chronic cholecystitis. However, the morphopathogenesis of pediatric calculous cholecystitis is still not well …

Preeclampsia (PE) is a vascular-related pregnancy disorder characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 weeks' gestation. Defective placentation, together with endothelial dysfunction, has a crucial role in the development …

Background/Objectives: Pain neuroscience education (PNE) has demonstrated efficacy in adults with chronic pain, but the pediatric evidence is still developing, despite its increasingly frequent use. Evidence for the effectiveness of PNE in …

Background/Objectives: Children with cancer suffer due to the underlying disease and prescribed cancer-directed therapies, and non-pharmacologic modalities may offer improved symptom control without additional medications. We sought to elic…

Background/Objectives: Venipuncture is a painful and distress-inducing procedure, especially in adolescents. However, the effect of stress on venipuncture pain remains unclear. This study investigated the relationships between stress (venip…

Background/Objectives: Pregnant women have limited information on the impact of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) alone. Our aim was to determine if PCE, without alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drug use, is associated with altered birth outcome…

Erythromelalgia is a descriptive term for severe burning pain and erythema in the distal extremities relieved by cold and exacerbated by heat. Pediatric case series to date are relatively small. We extracted and analyzed medical record data…

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a rare disease affecting the skin, joints, vasculature, and internal organs. Approximately 85% of those affected are categorized as the hypermobile type (hEDS), which is associated with numerous medical and p…

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is an extremely common metabolic complication of the neonatal period which may be associated with bilirubin encephalopathy and even death. Adverse neurological consequences are preventable if a timely diagnosis a…

Most abdominal masses in the pediatric population derive from the ovaries. Ovarian masses can occur in all ages, although their incidence, clinical presentation and histological distribution vary among different age groups. Children and ado…

Ovarian fibromas are benign tumors that consist of spindle cells in bundles or storiformly arranged with collagen fibers in the stroma. Thecomas resemble theca interna ovarian cells, and there is lipid material in their cytoplasm. There is …

The majority of young women will experience discomfort associated with menstrual cycles and miss out on education and social opportunities. Endometriosis, the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside of uterus, is the most common c…

Background: The anatomical location of the appendix in females determines its close contact with the internal genitalia, involving the latter in case of acute appendicitis (AA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of pelvic …

Asthma is a frequent medical condition in adolescence. The worsening of the most common symptoms perimenstrually is defined as perimenstrual asthma (PMA). The cause of PMA remains unclear, but a role for hormonal milieu is plausible. Data o…

Diagnostic uncertainty, the perceived lack of an accurate explanation of the patient's health problem, remains relatively unstudied in children. This study examined the prevalence, familial concordance, and correlates of diagnostic uncertai…

Opioid therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for acute procedural and postoperative pain and is regularly prescribed for severe and debilitating chronic pain conditions. Although beneficial for many patients, opioid therapy may have side …

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally with an estimated 39.5 million deaths per year (72% of total death) in 2016, due to the four major NCDs: cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory dise…

Children with chronic pain frequently experience impairment in the school setting, but we do not yet understand how unique these struggles are to children with primary pain conditions compared to peers with disease-related pain or those wit…

Chronic pain is a growing problem in children, with prevalence as high as 30.8%. Acupuncture has been found to be useful in many chronic pain conditions, and may be of clinical value in a multidisciplinary treatment program. The basic princ…