Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) provide benefits beyond contraception but are associated with risks such as venous thromboembolism (VTE) and breast cancer. This integrative review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of estetrol (E…
Lipedema is a chronic inflammatory disorder of adipose tissue that predominantly affects women and is characterized by disproportionate subcutaneous fat accumulation, pain, spontaneous bruising, and significantly impaired quality of life. A…
Median arcuate ligament syndrome (Dunbar syndrome) is characterized by compression of the celiac trunk, causing postprandial abdominal pain and ischemic symptoms. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (Wilkie's syndrome) results from narrowin…
BACKGROUND: Pelvic Congestion Syndrome is an important cause of pelvic pain in adult women, leading to reduced quality of life, absenteeism from work, anxiety, depression, and sexual disorders. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the response to endov…
Chronic pelvic pain affects approximately one-third of all women and is responsible for about 20% of all gynecological consultations. The authors report a rare case of symptomatic pelvic venous congestion in the presence of duplication of t…
Pelvic congestion syndrome (PGS) is defined as chronic pelvic pain for more than 6 months associated with perineal and vulvar varicose veins caused by reflux or obstruction in gonadal, gluteal, or parauterine veins. PGS accounts for 16-31% …
The Nutcracker Syndrome is manifest in the presence of a symptomatic entrapment of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. In a more ephemeral variation of this disorder, called the Posterior Nutc…