Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as do most chronic inflammatory disorders, displays unique features and confers different risk factors in male and female patients. Importantly, sex-based differences in IBD exist for epidemiological incide…

Personalized medicine is a new framework for medical care that involves modelling and simulation of a disease on the basis of its underlying mechanisms. This strategy must replace the 20(th) century paradigm of defining disease by pathology…