Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

Cells survive and reproduce by coping with acute or chronic exposure to a fixed elevated temperature or fluctuating temperatures. These properties are one of the main evolutionary forces and involve the heat shock response. This response is…

Evolutionary models of chronic pain are relatively undeveloped, but mainly concern dysregulation of an efficient acute defence, or false alarm. Here, a third possibility, mismatch with the modern environment, is examined. In ancestral human…

Evolutionary biologists have long considered menopause to be a fundamental puzzle in understanding human fertility behaviour, as post-menopausal women are no longer physiologically capable of direct reproduction. Menopause typically occurs …

Concern exists over whether additives in plastics to which most people are exposed, such as phthalates, bisphenol A or polybrominated diphenyl ethers, may cause harm to human health by altering endocrine function or through other biological…