Frontiers in endocrinology

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common infectious condition of the female upper genital tract that imposes a substantial global burden on women's reproductive health and overall quality of life. This narrative review aims to comprehe…

OBJECTIVE: To identify independent risk factors for fertilization failure (FF) during conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to develop a predictive model for clinical risk stratification. METHODS: This retrospective study included …

INTRODUCTION: Poor ovarian response (POR) remains a major obstacle in assisted reproductive technology, yet the follicular microenvironmental determinants of impaired ovarian sensitivity are poorly understood. This study aimed to characteri…

The corpus luteum is a transient endocrine structure essential for establishing and maintaining early pregnancy, primarily through the secretion of progesterone. Its function is regulated by a complex interplay of hormonal, metabolic, and e…

INTRODUCTION: Graves' disease (GD) is a classical autoimmune disorder caused by interactions between genetic susceptibility and immune dysregulation. However, the transcriptomic mechanisms underlying disease relapse and remission, particula…

BACKGROUND: Varicocele represents the most prevalent amendable factor contributing to male infertility. Despite this, considerable debate continues concerning the effectiveness of surgical intervention, especially in terms of enhancing preg…

OBJECTIVE: To study whether the impact of serum progesterone level on the day of hCG administration on reproductive outcomes varies across age groups and ovarian stimulation protocols in fresh in fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intra…

OBJECTIVE: This preliminary study sought to provide initial insights into lead concentrations within the follicular fluid of infertile patients with and without endometriosis, tentatively observing any potential links between lead presence …

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of luteinizing hormone (LH) supplementation during assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles remains controversial, particularly among women of advanced reproductive age. This study aimed to compare the cum…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis (EM) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but its relationship with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and circulating metabolic biomarkers remains incompletely defined. This study evaluated temporal…

OBJECTIVE: To explore the independent metabolic and ultrasonographic factors associated with clinical pregnancy in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles, develop and validate a …

In modern society, the progression of ovarian aging in women has accelerated, and the incidence of infertility has increased markedly with a distinct younger-onset trend. Exploring the etiology and pathogenesis of infertility has become a c…

BACKGROUND: Microplastics (MPs) have recently been identified in multiple human biological matrices, including placenta, blood, breast milk, semen, and testicular tissue, raising concerns regarding their potential endocrine, inflammatory, a…

Endometrial receptivity within the window of implantation (WOI) has been increasingly recognized as an independent determinant of pregnancy outcome in assisted reproduction. Persistent recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is observed in a s…

BACKGROUND: Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is a highly fibrotic and deeply invasive subtype of endometriosis that causes severe pelvic pain, infertility and marked impairment of quality of life. Metabolic, microbial and immune distur…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis (EM) is a chronic inflammatory gynaecological disorder affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. Early diagnosis remains challenging because definitive diagnosis still relies on invasive surgical co…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder and a leading cause of female infertility. Ovarian endometriomas, a common manifestation of endometriosis, are commonly associated with diminished ovarian func…

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant risks, particularly for nulliparous women of advanced maternal age (AMA ≥35 years), a growing demographic due to delayed childbirth. However, effective early-pregnancy predic…

BACKGROUND: Evidence regarding maternal body mass index (BMI) and intrauterine insemination (IUI) outcomes remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate such independent associations, focusing on potential non-linear patterns, clinica…

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Despite a high antral follicle count, advanced-age PCOS patients experience a marked decline in cumulative live birth rates (CLBR) after assisted re…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the presence and type of ultrasound markers of adenomyosis, as defined by MUSA criteria, predict IVF/ICSI outcomes, specifically live birth and pregnancy loss rates. METHODS: This single-center prospective co…

INTRODUCTION: NR5A1 variants are among the most frequent monogenic causes of disorders of sex development (DSD). However, genotype-phenotype correlations remain unclear, and oligogenic contributions to variability are underexplored in non-c…

Obesity is a systemic metabolic disorder that is inducing factor for other diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction and endometrial diseases. Emerging evidence has sho…

Delayed parenthood is a defining feature of contemporary reproductive medicine, fundamentally reshaping reproductive planning and increasing reliance on medically assisted reproduction (MAR). For women of advanced reproductive age (ARA), th…

INTRODUCTION: To determine if endometrial preparation protocols for frozen embryo transfers (FET) impact clinical and neonatal outcomes. METHODS: A monocentric cohort study including all first autologous FET cycles of a single blastocyst f…