Cancer

Ovarian cancer remains a major cause of gynecologic cancer mortality; and, although immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed treatment in other solid tumors, their activity in ovarian cancer has been limited by tumor heterogeneity, an …

BACKGROUND: Treatment exposures for childhood cancer reduce ovarian reserve. However, the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) among female survivors is not well established. METHODS: Five-year survivors of childhood cancer in…

For pre- and postmenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications, the benefit of removing the ovaries may not outweigh the risk. Recent results of a nationwide Danish cohort study found that although all women, despite their…

Acknowledging the lack of an effective screening modality for ovarian cancer, the Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance (OCRA) recommends that women undergoing pelvic surgeries for benign conditions such as hysterectomy, cysts, tubal ligations, …

BackgroundFertility preservation (FP) may be underused after cancer diagnosis because of uncertainty around delays to cancer treatment and subsequent reproductive success.MethodsWomen aged 15 to 39 years diagnosed with cancer between 2004 a…

BACKGROUND: Increased levels of inflammation are associated with many diseases, including cancer. Physical activity can lower breast cancer risk as well as levels of inflammation. The Women In Steady Exercise Research (WISER) Sister trial w…

BACKGROUND: Desmoid tumors (or aggressive fibromatosis) are locally infiltrative connective-tissue tumors that can arise in any anatomic location; they can be asymptomatic, or they can result in pain, deformity, swelling, and loss of mobili…

Insights from basic science dissecting carcinogenesis in the fallopian tube and ovary have led to a deeper understanding of the origin, molecular characteristics, and types of ovarian cancers. This logically then has led to the development …

Because there is no screening test for ovarian cancer, effective prevention strategies may be the best way to reduce the mortality of this most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that the fallopian tu…

BACKGROUND: Multiple alterations in circadian rhythms have been observed in cancer patients, including the diurnal rhythm of the adrenal hormone cortisol. Diurnal cortisol alterations have been associated with cancer-related physiological p…

BACKGROUND: BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2)-mutated ovarian carcinomas may originate in the fallopian tube. The authors of this report investigated alterations in BRCA1/2 tubal epithelium to define the molecular pathogenesis of these carcinomas. …

BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the progesterone receptor (PGR) gene have been associated with the risk of endometrial cancer. However, to the authors' knowledge, no study to date has systematically evaluated the role …

BACKGROUND: Previous prognostic studies in primary myelofibrosis have focused on risk factors for overall survival and have resulted in the establishment of several prognostic scoring systems. However, to the authors' knowledge, information…

BACKGROUND: Menorrhagia is a serious complication in young female oncology patients who suffer from severe thrombocytopenia during myelosuppressive treatment. To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the incidence of this compli…

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) allows detailed imaging of both intramural and extramural structures of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and also allows tissue samples to be obtained from mass…

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current clinical study was to evaluate the in vivo fluorescence detection of ovarian carcinoma metastases in a second-look laparoscopic procedure after intraperitoneally applied 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). METHO…

BACKGROUND: Psammoma bodies (PBs) are encountered only rarely in body cavity fluids (BCF). Although to the authors' knowledge their presence in certain neoplasms (e.g., those of the thyroid, ovary, lung, brain, etc.) is established, their s…

BACKGROUND: Multiple epidemiologic and histologic studies have suggested that ovarian endometriosis can give rise to malignant ovarian tumors, primarily those of epithelial origin. The progression of endometriosis to endometriosis-associate…

BACKGROUND: A number of histologic and epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between endometriosis and ovarian carcinoma. Some reports have described a transition from endometriosis to atypical endometriosis to carcinoma. Usin…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis, the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, has an estimated prevalence between 4% and 10%. A recent study reported that women with a hospital discharge diagnosis of endometriosis were at increased risk…

BACKGROUND: The modulation of immunologic activities relevant to cancer by behavioral factors, such as stress, depression, and social support, is well documented. However, associations of behavioral factors with cytokines involved in tumor …

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal mesothelioma is regarded as a fatal disease that presents with progressive ascites in a relatively late stage of its natural history. To the authors' knowledge, prior published articles have not described the early ma…

BACKGROUND: Malignant transformation is an infrequent but reported complication of endometriosis. Previous reports of these cases have been limited to clinicopathologic studies based on routine histologic examination of these tumors, wherea…

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which metastatic ovarian cancer adheres to peritoneal surfaces are not well understood. A role for tumor-derived extracellular matrix adhesive molecules such as fibronectin (FN) has been proposed. Because oncof…