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The DNA methylation-based WID-qEC test, applied to cervico-vaginal samples, has been validated for the accurate detection of endometrial and cervical cancers. However, a small proportion of women test positive despite the absence of these c…
The embryology of the female reproductive organs is reviewed focusing on aspects relevant to the histogenesis of reproductive neoplasms. The evidence reviewed suggests that (1) there is no embryological link between the ovarian surface epit…
BackgroundBreast cancer is a leading cause of death in premenopausal women. Progesterone drives expansion of luminal progenitor cells, leading to the development of poor-prognostic breast cancers. However, it is not known if antagonising pr…
ObjectiveProtein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an oxidoreductase that is overexpressed in several cancers. PDI family members (PDIs) play a role in various diseases including cancer. Select PDIs were reported as useful markers in other cance…
The exact timing and contribution of epigenetic reprogramming to carcinogenesis are unclear. Women harbouring BRCA1/2 mutations demonstrate a 30-40-fold increased risk of high-grade serous extra-uterine Müllerian cancers (HGSEMC), otherwise…
Predisposition to breast and extrauterine Müllerian carcinomas in BRCA1 mutation carriers is due to a combination of cell-autonomous consequences of BRCA1 inactivation on cell cycle homeostasis superimposed on cell-nonautonomous hormonal fa…
Serous extra-uterine Müllerian tumors include lesions previously classified either as serous ovarian, fimbrial, or primary peritoneal tumors. They should be distinguished from intra-uterine (endometrial) serous tumors in spite of their comm…
BackgroundThe traditional view of epithelial ovarian cancer asserts that all tumor subtypes share a common origin in the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) DESIGN: A literature review was carried out to summarize the emerging understanding of…
Although it is widely believed that ovarian epithelial tumours arise in the coelomic epithelium that covers the ovarian surface, it has been suggested that they could instead arise from tissues that are embryologically derived from the Müll…
The widely favored hypothesis that ovarian epithelial tumors arise from the mesothelial cell layer lining the ovarian surface fails to explain the resemblance of these tumors to those arising in organs that are embryologically derived from …