PURPOSE: Circulating estrogen metabolites of the 2-, 4- or 16-hydroxyestrone (OH) pathways may be differentially associated with breast cancer risk due to varying estrogenic and genotoxic activity. However, little is known about the influen…
BACKGROUND: Animal studies suggest that prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) causes epigenetic alterations in primordial germ cells that affect the next generation, but human studies are sparse. METHODS: We assessed hormonally med…
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a fatal disease of largely unknown etiology. Higher parity is associated with reduced risk of ovarian cancer. However, among parous women, the impact of pregnancy-related factors on risk is not well understood. …
PURPOSE: Pro-angiogenic factors are positively associated with breast tumor staging and poorer prognosis, but their role in the etiology of breast cancer has not been assessed. METHODS: We measured serum levels of the pro-angiogenic vascul…