IntroductionEndometrial receptivity is essential for implantation in both natural and ART cycles, yet the cellular and molecular environment of the endometrium during this window remains poorly characterized. While cytokines affecting impla…
ProblemIt is unknown whether maternal cytokine production differs between twin and singleton gestations in the implantation phase. A difference in maternal serum cytokine concentrations in twins would imply a dose-response to the invading e…
ProblemEmbryo implantation and placentation require a careful immunological balance. Cytokines such as IL-10 and TNFα have been implicated as markers of dysregulation, but have only been studied at a single time point or after a pregnancy l…
Understanding what happens at the time of embryo implantation has been the subject of significant research. Investigators from many differing fields including maternal fetal medicine, microbiology, genetics, reproductive endocrinology and i…