Manuela Farris

Introduction: The pharmacodynamic effects of various combined oral estrogen-progestin combinations (COC) are examined for their components alone or in the various combined formulations. Special emphasis is given to products containing natur…

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate if different bleeding patterns associated with the use of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) are associated with different uterine and endometrial vascularization patterns, as evidenced by ultrasound power …

INTRODUCTION: Several selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) show promise in several areas of medicine and this work has been summarized by us in 2008. AREAS COVERED: Since the publication of our reviews, several developments h…

BackgroundThe levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) was first marketed in 1990 in Finland. Since then, it has been approved in approximately 120 countries throughout the world, with almost 50 million women-years of cumulati…

The original form of hormonal contraception ("the Pill") has developed into a variety of modalities administered through different routes: oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous, transdermal, intrauterine or intravaginal, and intranasal (abandon…

BACKGROUND: Synthetic compounds can bind to progesterone receptors and these progesterone receptor ligands exhibit a spectrum of activities ranging from pure antagonism to a mixture of agonism and antagonism. These substances have been clas…