Aleksandra Jaworucka-Kaczorowska

Venous hypertension in the pelvic veins can result in the development of varicosities in the perineum, and sometimes also in the lower extremities. These varicose veins are anatomically and functionally different from typical varicosities a…

Extra-pelvic varicose veins (VVs), originating from incompetent pelvic veins, present a significant clinical challenge, due to their complex anatomy, etiology, and symptomatology. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of th…

Pelvic venous incompetence (PVI), although usually asymptomatic, may cause pelvic venous disease (PeVD), which may clinically manifest through pelvic symptoms, particularly chronic pelvic pain (CPP). There is no standard approach to manage …