Masaki Watanabe

Nonclinical studies in animal models have often treated male animals as the default, based on the assumption that estrous-cycle hormonal variation in females increases variability and complicates interpretation. This convention is a structu…

INTRODUCTION: We present a patient with bladder pain syndrome (BPS) who underwent repeated bladder hydrodistentions. CASE PRESENTATION: A female patient visited our department because of refractory bladder pain. She was diagnosed with BPS;…