This mini-review summarizes the different pain-associated diseases and potential mechanisms that may help to achieve a deeper understanding of gender differences presented in clinical aspects of the functional syndromes. Chronic visceral pa…
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical studies suggest the comorbidity of functional pain syndromes such as irritable bowel syndrome, painful blad…
A large body of literature supports the idea that estrogen modulates nociceptive responses in pelvic pain syndromes; however, whether this hormone is pro- or anti-nociceptive remains unresolved. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is an importan…
In women, clinical studies suggest that pain syndromes such as irritable bowel syndrome and interstitial cystitis, which are associated with visceral hyperalgesia, are often comorbid with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. One of the po…