Norman Goldstuck

Tubal ligation has been used since the late nineteenth century to control undesired fertility in women. Over the years, there have been many improvements to the surgical technique, and the procedure has become a lot safer. Some recent devel…

The menstrual cycle appears to have evolved in humans and some other species to improve reproductive efficiency by enabling progesterone production without the presence of the fetus. This phenomenon is termed spontaneous decidualization. Re…