CONTEXT: Irregular bleeding is common in users of combined hormone therapy (HT) and often leads to invasive and expensive investigations to exclude underlying pathology. The mechanisms of HT-related bleeding are poorly understood. Endometri…
BACKGROUND: Endometriomata are endometriotic deposits within the ovary. The surgical management of these blood filled cysts is controversial. The laparoscopic approach to the management of endometriomata is favoured for as it offers the adv…
BACKGROUND: The objective of this review was to determine which is the most effective technique for treating an ovarian endometrioma; excision or ablation. METHODS: A systematic review employing the principles of the Cochrane Menstrual Dis…
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine whether laparoscopic surgical excision or ablation leads is the optimum surgical management of ovarian endometriomata with respect to pain …
BACKGROUND: Irregular bleeding affects up to 60% of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users. The mechanism of this bleeding is not understood. Reduced endometrial microvascular integrity appears to underlie breakthrough bleeding in pre-meno…
Menstrual bleeding disorders are one of the most common problems presenting to the gynaecologist. There is increasing evidence that alterations in human uterine vascular structures are associated with spontaneous and sex steroid-induced cha…
Menstrual disorders in adolescence may present diagnostic and management challenges for the gynaecologist. This review will describe the common and uncommon menstrual disorders that may arise in early reproductive life, together with guidan…
There is evidence from well designed randomised controlled trials that modern medical and conservative surgical therapies (including endometrial ablation) are effective treatments for heavy menstrual bleeding for many women. Submucous fibro…
BACKGROUND: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a significant health problem in premenopausal women that can reduce quality of life and cause anaemia. First line therapy has traditionally been medical therapy but this is not always completely…
BACKGROUND: Women using progestogen-only contraceptives are commonly troubled by irregular bleeding. Endometrial vessel breakdown and repair is thought to be locally regulated under the indirect influence of sex steroids. Most information a…
Endometrial blood vessels are unique in the manner in which they undergo monthly cycles of dramatic growth, disruption, remodeling, and repair, rivaled only by the remarkable vascular growth and regression occurring during formation and sub…
During the past 5 years, a number of important advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms of sex steroid-induced breakthrough bleeding (BTB). These observations suggest that superficial endometrial vascular fragility may…
Menstrual disturbances are one of the most common problems presenting to the gynaecologist. In order for the endometrium to bleed, vessels must break down. Disruption in the regulation of endometrial vascular growth and function has been fo…
Breakthrough bleeding is a common problem in postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and is often the single most important factor deterring women from continuing to use HRT, or from starting it in the first place. The…
The aim of this study was to develop an objective test for superficial endometrial vascular fragility at hysteroscopy, and to apply this test to women using Norplant((R)) for contraception and to women with ovulatory dysfunctional uterine b…
The use of progestogens without oestrogen is commonly associated with irregular menstrual bleeding. Oestrogens and progestogens are both thought to influence endometrial perfusion; changes in endometrial perfusion may contribute to vascular…
Recent studies have provided substantial evidence to highlight abnormalities in the structure of endometrial microvessels in users of progestogen-only contraception. Structural changes alone are unlikely to lead to breakthrough bleeding, bu…
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the subdermal levonorgestrel contraceptive implant Norplant on endometrial vascular density at different durations of exposure, and the relationship between endometrial histology, vascular dens…
Progestogen-only contraception is almost invariably associated with changes in menstrual bleeding patterns. Changes in the endometrial vasculature, and in particular an increase in vascular fragility, may contribute to this bleeding. In thi…
A medical approach should be considered first-line treatment in the management of menorrhagia. Luteal phase progestogens may regulate irregular bleeding secondary to anovulatory cycles. Oral progestogens are not useful for ovulatory dysfunc…
Irregular menstrual bleeding in users of hormonal contraception represents the single major reason for discontinuation of these contraceptive methods. The mechanisms which underlie these bleeding disturbances are poorly understood, but appe…