Background and objectivesCalcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a central mechanistic role in migraine and is an established drug target. However, it remains unclear whether peripheral plasma CGRP levels meaningfully reflect disease a…
BackgroundCluster headache (CH) is a rare primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of strictly unilateral excruciating pain accompanied by trigemino-autonomic signs, which significantly impacts the quality of life, soci…
BackgroundFremanezumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG2Δa) selectively targets the calcitonin gene-related peptide and has proven efficacy for the preventive treatment of migraine. In this study, we evaluated the long-term effic…
BackgroundCalcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is widely distributed in nociceptive pathways in human peripheral and central nervous system and its receptors are also expressed in pain pathways. CGRP is involved in migraine pathophysiolog…