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KNDy (kisspeptine, neurokinin B, dynorphin) neurons, located in the hypothalamus, play a crucial role in the development of vasomotor symptoms (VSM) in menopausal women. Estrogen withdrawal during menopause leads to the hyperactivation of k…

Ovarian aging is characterized by a gradual decline in both reproductive and endocrine functions, ultimately culminating in the cessation of ovarian activity around the age of 50, when most women experience natural menopause. The decline be…

Background: Infertility remains a significant global health challenge, affecting approximately 15% of couples worldwide. In vitro fertilization (IVF) has transformed reproductive medicine; however, challenges such as low success rates in ol…

This article presents a narrative review that explores the potential link between kisspeptin-a key regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis-and the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Kisspeptin plays a significant role in regulating…

BackgroundMany studies show the occurrence of several multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes caused by different mutations, for example, in MEN1 and RET genes. Nevertheless, there are less common mutations causing multiple endocrine glands …

Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory, condition of high incidence and serious reproductive and general health consequences. Understanding the pathogenesis of endometriosis is crucial for proper diagnostic and ordering the most effective…