J. Mark Cline

Intravascular adenomyosis was discovered in a cynomolgus macaque, a previously unreported presentation of adenomyosis in non-human primates that points to vascular involvement in adenomyosis etiology. Uterus gross exam was unremarkable, but…

The Wake Forest Radiation Late Effects Cohort (RLEC), formerly known as the Radiation Survivors Cohort, of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) non-human primates (NHPs) is a unique colony of long-term survivors of total-body irradiation (TBI). The coho…

Delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) and radiation late effects are a suite of conditions that become apparent months to years after initial exposure to radiation in both humans and non-human primates. Many of these disorders…

The Wake Forest nonhuman primate (NHP) Radiation Late Effects Cohort (RLEC) is a unique and irreplaceable population of aging NHP radiation survivors which serves the nation's need to understand the late effects of radiation exposure. Over …

The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan…

During the past 20 years, investigations involving endocrine active substances (EAS) and reproductive toxicity have dominated the landscape of ecotoxicological research. This has occurred in concert with heightened awareness in the scientif…

Endometriosis implants are comprised of glandular and stromal elements, macrophages, nerves, and blood vessels and are commonly accompanied by pelvic pain. We propose that activated macrophages are recruited to and infiltrate nascent lesion…

The decidua is the superficial portion of endometrium that transforms, or decidualizes, under the influence of progesterone to nourish the early embryo during pregnancy. Deciduae outside the uterus are found in nearly 100% of human pregnanc…

Estrogen metabolism may play an important role in mammary carcinogenesis in postmenopausal women. We evaluated the effects of prior oral contraceptive (OC) treatment and current soy isoflavone consumption on endogenous estrogen metabolite c…

Macaques provide excellent models for preclinical testing and safety assessment of female reproductive toxicants. Currently, cynomolgus monkeys are the predominant species for (reproductive) toxicity testing. Marmosets and rhesus monkeys ar…

The authors describe a selection of normal findings and common naturally occurring lesions in the reproductive system of female macaques, including changes in the ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, and mammary glands. Normal features of immat…

Using the ovariectomized macaque model of postmenopausal women's health, we investigated the effects of long-term treatments (5 weeks-3 years) with estradiol, conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), esterified estrogens, progestins such as medro…

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of the androgenic anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate on uterine endometrium and myometrium and on the mammary gland of female cynomolgus macaques by using morphologic, histomorphometric, and histopatho…