Farook Al‐Azzawi

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are considered to be of critical importance in the initiation of menstruation where MMP protein levels are reciprocally modulated by the actions of the gonadal steroid hormones, estradiol (E(2)) and progester…

Tamoxifen is contraindicated during pregnancy but many births have been reported in breast cancer patients taking this drug and numbers might be expected to increase with FDA approval of tamoxifen for risk reduction in women at high, risk o…

BackgroundVascular endothelial growth factor has been shown to play an important role in preservation and restoration of endothelial integrity. Similar effects on endothelial function have been described with estrogen replacement. This pose…

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor has been shown to play an important role in preservation and restoration of endothelial integrity. Similar effects on endothelial function have been described with estrogen replacement. This po…

We determined the expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and human beta-lactoglobulin in the endometrium under hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The immunohistochemical expression d…

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of identifying endometrial structural abnormalities at baseline hysteroscopy in predicting the pattern of bleeding in postmenopausal women treated with hormone replacement therapy. DESIGN: A randomised, double…

We evaluated the histological features of the endometrium in relation to the bleeding pattern in a group of women receiving oral cyclical combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and compared the histological features with those of lutei…

The gonadomimetic steroid Tibolone, is currently widely used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Up to 20% of women have been reported to have episodes of bleeding whilst on therapy. We investigated 37 cases who experienced bleeding e…