{"paper_id":"f7d5638b-3017-4207-992a-9b5440e28147","body_text":"Abstract\nIntroduction\nEndometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is estimated to affect up to 1 in 10 women of reproductive age group (Steinbuch et al. in Int J Mol Sci 25, 2024). Initially considered a benign disease, it is now thought that endometriosis, endometriomas specifically, are neoplastic conditions with the potential to become malignant.\nObjective\nOvarian cancer, although rare, is more common in women with endometriosis, particularly endometrioid and clear-cell carcinoma types. Over the past few decades, various genetic mutations, microRNAs, and tumour microenvironmental factors have been identified (Chiaffarino et al. in Reprod Sci 31:1642–1650, 2024). Atypical endometriosis is being considered as a transition between endometriosis and ovarian malignancy.\nConclusion\nThe knowledge of malignant transformation of endometriosis and an understanding of potential risk factors is of paramount importance for determining patients at risk. Women that are known cases of severe endometriosis, large endometriomas, and atypical endometriosis, are an important population for targeted cancer screening and prevention studies.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nSteinbuch SC, Lüß A-M, Eltrop S, Götte M, Kiesel L. Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer: from molecular pathologies to clinical relevance. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25:4306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084306.\nChiaffarino F, Cipriani S, Ricci E, et al. Histologic subtypes in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer and ovarian cancer arising in endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Sci. 2024;31:1642–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-024-01489-9.\nYounis JS. Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer: what are the implications for women with intact endometrioma planning for a future pregnancy? A reproductive clinical outlook. 2022. Biomolecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12111721.\nCapozzi VA, Scarpelli E, dell’Omo S, Rolla M, Pezzani A, Morganelli G, et al. Atypical endometriosis: a comprehensive systematic review of pathological patterns and diagnostic challenges. Biomedicines. 2024;12:1209. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061209.\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nEthics declarations\nConflict of interest\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\nAdditional information\nPublisher's Note\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nSehal Shah is a Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist; Sarita Bhalerao is a Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist; Mehul Bhansali is an Oncosurgeon.\nRights and permissions\nSpringer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nShah, S., Bhalerao, S. & Bhansali, M. Endometriosis Associated Ovarian Cancer: Case Reports. J Obstet Gynecol India (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-025-02291-6\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nVersion of record:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-025-02291-6","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}