{"paper_id":"ec949b8c-6e81-4901-9cdf-48986a172e4e","body_text":"Abstract\nSeveral therapies have been thoroughly investigated or approved for treating endometriosis and adenomyosis. The most commonly used oral contraceptives (OC), i.e., low-dose estrogen plus progestin (LEP) products, are administered on a 28-day (21 + 7 placebo) cyclic regimen. Extended LEP regimens may involve 12 weeks of administration rather than 3 weeks of active tablets, followed by 1 week of placebo tablets, thereby reducing the number of withdrawal bleeds for patients with endometriosis. However, LEP is expected to decrease menstrual bleeding and relieve pain in patients with endometriosis and adenomyosis by causing endometrial desquamation and atrophy. A flexible regimen could provide a valuable additional treatment choice for women with endometriosis and adenomyosis. Recently, the need for dysmenorrhea and endometriosis management in adolescent women has been increasingly discussed, and early intervention in young women is crucial. Since medical treatment may not be cytoreductive but hormonal agents may induce dormancy state in the lesions, pharmacological treatment could be crucial for the management of endometriosis and adenomyosis. To maintain the quality of life of women at each stage of life, it is important to select the most effective treatment method, taking into account the implementation of reproductive medicine, including assisted reproductive technology.\nAccess this chapter\nTax calculation will be finalised at checkout\nPurchases are for personal use only\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nChange history\n10 September 2022\nCorrection to:\nReferences\nGuo SW. Recurrence of endometriosis and its control. Hum Reprod Update. 2009;15:441–61.\nVercellini P, Crosignani P, Somigliana E, et al. ‘Waiting for Godot’: a commonsense approach to the medical treatment of endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2011;26:3–13.\nShakiba K, Bena JF, McGill KM, et al. Surgical treatment of endometriosis: a 7-year follow-up on the requirement for further surgery. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;11:1285–92.\nKaori K, Masashi T, Tomoyuki F, et al. Prevention of the recurrence of symptom and lesions after conservative surgery for endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2015;104:793–801.\nKoga K, Osuga Y, Takemura Y, et al. Recurrence of endometrioma after laparoscopic excision and its prevention by medical management. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2013;5:676–83.\nDunselman GA, Vermeulen N, Becker C, et al. ESHRE guideline: management of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2014;29:400–12.\nHarada T, Momoeda M, Taketani Y, et al. Low-dose oral contraceptive pill for dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Fertil Steril. 2014;90:1583–8.\nGuideline on the management of women with endometriosis. European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. 2014;29(3):400–12. file:///C:/Users/komat/Downloads/ESHRE%20guideline%20on%20endometriosis%202013.pdf.\nKaunitz AM. Menstruation: choosing whether…and when. Contraception. 2000;62:277–84.\nThomas SL, Ellertson C. Nuisance or natural and healthy: should monthly menstruation be optional for women? Lancet. 2000;355:922–4.\nArmstrong C. ACOG updates guideline on diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83:84–5.\nArcher DF. Menstrual-cycle-related symptoms: a review of the rationale for continuous use of oral contraceptives. Contraception. 2006;74:359–66.\nSulak PJ. Continuous oral contraception: changing times. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;22:355–74.\nWiegratz I, Kuhl H. Long-cycle treatment with oral contraceptives. Drugs. 2004;6:2447–62.\nBirtch RL, Olatunbosun OA, Pierson RA. Ovarian follicular dynamics during conventional vs. continuous oral contraceptive use. Contraception. 2006;73:235–43.\nVercellini P, Frontino G, De Giorgi O, et al. Continuous use of an oral contraceptive for endometriosis-associated recurrent dysmenorrhea that does not respond to a cyclic pill regimen. Fertil Steril. 2003;80:560–3.\nAnderson FD, Hait H. A multicenter, randomized study of an extended cycle oral contraceptive. Contraception. 2003;68:89–96.\nHarada T, Momoeda M. Efficacy of cyclic and extended regimens of ethinylestradiol 0.02 mg -levonorgestrel 0.09 mg for dysmenorrhea: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Reprod Med Biol. 2021;20(2):215–23.\nHarada T, Kosaka S, Elliesen J, et al. Ethinylestradiol 20 μg/drospirenone 3 mg in a flexible extended regimen for the management of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2017;108:798–805.\nKlipping C, Duijkers I, Fortier MP, et al. Contraceptive efficacy and tolerability of ethinylestradiol 20 mug/drospirenone 3 mg in a flexible extended regimen: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled study. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2012;38:73–83.\nOsuga Y, Fujimoto-Okabe H, Hagino A. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of dienogest in the treatment of painful symptoms in patients with adenomyosis: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study. Fertil Steril. 2017;108:673–8.\nOsuga Y, Hayashi K, Kanda S, et al. Long-term use of dienogest for the treatment of primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2020;46:606–17.\nHarada T, Momoeda M, Taketani Y, et al. Low-dose oral contraceptive pill for dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:1583–8.\nHarada T, Momoeda M, Taketani Y, et al. Dienogest is as effective as intranasal buserelin acetate for the relief of pain symptoms associated with endometriosis--a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(3):675–81.\nBulletti C, De Ziegler D, Polli V, et al. Characteristics of uterine contractility during menses in women with mild to moderate endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2002;77:1156–61.\nMeresman GF, Augé L, Barañao RI, et al. Oral contraceptives suppress cell proliferation and enhance apoptosis of eutopic endometrial tissue from patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2002;77:1141–7.\nTokushige N, Markham R, Russell P, et al. Effect of progestogens and combined oral contraceptives on nerve fibers in peritoneal endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2009;92:1234–9.\nACOG Committee Opinion No. 760: dysmenorrhea and endometriosis in the adolescent. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;132(6):e249–58.\nMartin H, Rima D, Alfred S, et al. The prevalence of endometriosis in adolescents with pelvic pain: a systematic review. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2020;33:623–30.\nPractice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive M. Treatment of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2014;101(4):927–35.\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nEditor information\nEditors and Affiliations\nRights and permissions\nCopyright information\n© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG\nAbout this chapter\nCite this chapter\nKomatsu, H., Taniguchi, F., Harada, T. (2022). Hormonal Therapy in Endometriosis and Adenomyosis: Oral Contraceptives. In: Oral, E. (eds) Endometriosis and Adenomyosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97236-3_40\nDownload citation\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97236-3_40\nPublished:\nPublisher Name: Springer, Cham\nPrint ISBN: 978-3-030-97235-6\nOnline ISBN: 978-3-030-97236-3\neBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}