{"paper_id":"e617baba-674f-433f-953e-9f190af0b232","body_text":"Abstract\nEndometriosis is known as an estrogen-dependent disease; that is why for decades it was considered to regress and most frequently disappear after menopause occurred. More recent information showed that estrogen deprivation in menopause doesn’t cause the regression of all endometriosis lesions. Many case series of symptomatic endometriosis in menopausal patients with particular microscopic features have been described in the literature. However, peri- and postmenopausal endometriosis is a rare disease, more frequent in women undergoing hormone replacement therapy. In these patients, endometriosis lesions can appear de novo or as recurrent disease. It carries a risk of malignant transformation higher than endometriosis present in fertile patients, around 1%, even higher in patients treated with estrogen for the climacteric syndrome. Moreover, menopausal patients with endometriosis carry a higher risk for ovarian and, some research affirms, other gynecological malignancies. The recommended treatment is primarily surgical, consisting of total hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy. Even if there isn’t any solid evidence, the risk of malignant transformation appears to be lower in patients undergoing also hysterectomy, compared to those receiving only bilateral adnexectomy. Although it is a rare disease, peri- and postmenopausal endometriosis should be taken into account, because of the risk of disease recurrence and malignant transformation. In these patients, hormone replacement therapy is reserved only for severe climacteric syndrome and should consist of combined estrogen-progesterone therapy.\nAccess this chapter\nTax calculation will be finalised at checkout\nPurchases are for personal use only\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nMatalliotakis M, et al. 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In: Oral, E. (eds) Endometriosis and Adenomyosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97236-3_17\nDownload citation\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97236-3_17\nPublished:\nPublisher Name: Springer, Cham\nPrint ISBN: 978-3-030-97235-6\nOnline ISBN: 978-3-030-97236-3\neBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}