{"paper_id":"e1e5d25d-c2ff-4a18-9c27-030aed4e16f0","body_text":"Dense Granular Flow Described by Micropolar Fluid and Its Peridynamic Implementation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Dense Granular Flow Described by Micropolar Fluid and Its Peridynamic Implementation Ji Wan, Wenzhong Qu, Xihua Chu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3849892/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Acta Geotechnica → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This work presents a nonlocal mesh-free peridynamic model for micropolar fluids that describe fluids enriched with the micro-rotational and length scale effects. The stabilized force state is applied to remedy the zero-energy mode instability in the micropolar viscous term. The present model is validated with the planar Couette flow and Poiseuille flow simulation. Considering the natural inheritance of micro-spinning and microstructures in granular flows, the peridynamic micropolar fluid model is also applied to simulate the dense, dry granular flow with a modified µ (I) rheology flow law. The effects of the coupling number, the micro-inertia, and the characteristic length on the granular µ (I) flow are discussed in a two-dimensional column collapse example. The numerical results of column collapse show that the micropolar coupling number can significantly affect column collapse behavior. A larger coupling number can slow down the translational movement of the granular flow, resulting in a larger angle of repose. The micro-rotational velocity increases by enlarging the coupling number. The micro-inertia and characteristic length have a significant influence on the micro-rotational behavior of the granular flow. Increasing either micro-inertia or characteristic length value decreases the micro-rotational velocity. However, the characteristic length and micro-inertia have an insignificant influence on the translational behavior. Slight differences are observed in the translational velocity distribution or free surface profile. micropolar fluid peridynamics µ(I) rheology dense granular flow column collapse Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Acta Geotechnica → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Jan, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 24 Jan, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 15 Jan, 2024 First submitted to journal 10 Jan, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-3849892\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":267299798,\"identity\":\"c155fb8f-89a2-4a73-a06d-c5cdfb1a896d\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Ji Wan\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Wuhan University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Ji\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Wan\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":267299799,\"identity\":\"ba06bd0a-57c1-4590-93a3-ede5e82ed46e\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Wenzhong Qu\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAo0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACxgeMDSA6gXgtzAYka2GTIE0L3430Z9W8Ow4z8LPnGDD83EGEFskbCWm3ec8cZpDseWPA2HuGCC0GtxOO3c5tO8xgcCPHgJmxjSgtiW3FIC32JGhJZmMG2yJBrBbJ+8+Ypf+2pfNInHlWcLCXGC18Z44//DizzVqOvz1544OfxGhhOACheJDYRGoZBaNgFIyCUYAbAACvnDbb6tTjZAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Wuhan University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Wenzhong\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Qu\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":267299800,\"identity\":\"36a1d82e-61ad-49a6-a78c-8f8872f2636d\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Xihua Chu\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Wuhan University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Xihua\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Chu\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2024-01-10 09:44:08\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3849892/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3849892/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[{\"content\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-024-02435-4\",\"type\":\"published\",\"date\":\"2024-10-25T15:57:49+00:00\"}],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":67681917,\"identity\":\"7588a7d0-1496-40c3-965c-ab9f558d6542\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-10-28 16:11:18\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":3130127,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"manuscript20240110refsrefined.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3849892/v1_covered_583ce52d-d744-4ac3-ab5e-a78724bc0b3d.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Dense Granular Flow Described by Micropolar Fluid and Its Peridynamic Implementation\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":false,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":true,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"acta-geotechnica\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"ageo\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Acta Geotechnica](http://link.springer.com/journal/11440)\",\"snPcode\":\"11440\",\"submissionUrl\":\"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11440/3\",\"title\":\"Acta Geotechnica\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"stoa\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Springer Hybrid\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":false},\"keywords\":\"micropolar fluid, peridynamics, µ(I) rheology, dense granular flow, column collapse\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3849892/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3849892/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThis work presents a nonlocal mesh-free peridynamic model for micropolar fluids that describe fluids enriched with the micro-rotational and length scale effects. The stabilized force state is applied to remedy the zero-energy mode instability in the micropolar viscous term. The present model is validated with the planar Couette flow and Poiseuille flow simulation. Considering the natural inheritance of micro-spinning and microstructures in granular flows, the peridynamic micropolar fluid model is also applied to simulate the dense, dry granular flow with a modified \\u003cem\\u003e\\u0026micro;\\u003c/em\\u003e(I) rheology flow law. The effects of the coupling number, the micro-inertia, and the characteristic length on the granular \\u003cem\\u003e\\u0026micro;\\u003c/em\\u003e(I) flow are discussed in a two-dimensional column collapse example. The numerical results of column collapse show that the micropolar coupling number can significantly affect column collapse behavior. A larger coupling number can slow down the translational movement of the granular flow, resulting in a larger angle of repose. The micro-rotational velocity increases by enlarging the coupling number. The micro-inertia and characteristic length have a significant influence on the micro-rotational behavior of the granular flow. Increasing either micro-inertia or characteristic length value decreases the micro-rotational velocity. However, the characteristic length and micro-inertia have an insignificant influence on the translational behavior. 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