{"paper_id":"da03e975-76f8-4149-a607-eb2372204f31","body_text":"Abstract\nPurpose: Pelvic inflammatory disease is a rare complication of transvaginal oocyte retrieval. It results in failure of assisted reproductive procedure.\nPatients: During a 6-year period, 5958 transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrievals resulted in 10 cases of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (0.12%).\nResults: Eight of the 10 patients were diagnosed infertile because of endometriosis. Two patients had mild ovarian, three had stage III, and two had stage IV endometriosis. One patient had a 3–4 cm ovarian endometrioma. After treatment, no mortality was encountered among the 10 patients, although none of them conceived.\nConclusion: This observation supports the previous reports that endometriosis can raise the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease after oocyte retrieval. More vigorous antibiotic prophylaxis and better vaginal preparation are recommended when oocyte pickup is performed in patients with endometriosis.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nAshkenazi J, Farhi J, Dicker D, Feldberg D, Shalev J, Ben-Rafael Z: Acute pelvic inflammatory disease after oocyte retrieval: Adverse effects on the results of implantation. Fertil Steril 1994;61(3):526–528\nEvers JHL, Larsen JF, Gnany GG, Seick UV: Complications and problems in transvaginal sector scan guided follicle aspiration. Fertil Steril 1998;49:278–282\nGovaerts I, Devreker F, Delbaere A, Revelard Ph, Englert Y: Short-term medical complications of 1500 oocyte retrievals for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1998;77:239–243\nHickman TN: Impact of endometriosis on implantation. J Reprod Med 2002;47(10):801–808\nYounis JS, Ezra Y, Laufer N, Ohel G: Late manifestation of pelvic abscess following oocyte retrieval, for in vitro fertilization, in patients with severe endometriosis and ovarian endometrioma. J Assist Reprod Genet 1997;14(6):343–346\nden Boon J, Kimmel CE, Nagel HT, van Roosmalen J: Pelvic abscess in the second half of pregnancy after oocyte retrieval for in-vitro fertilization: case report. Hum Reprod 1999;14(9):2402–2403\nMuse KN, Wilson EA. Endometriosis. In Current Obstetric and Gynecology, Diagnosis and Treatment, Pernoll ML (ed), 7th edn., East Norwalk, Appleton & Lange, 1991, pp. 821–829\nBennett SJ, Waterstone JJ, Cheng WC, Parsons J: Complications of transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration: A review of 2670 consecutive procedures. J Assist Reprod Genet 1993;10:72–77\nDicker D, Ashkenazi J, Feldberg D, et al.: Severe abdominal complications after transvaginal ultrasonographically guided retrieval of oocytes for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 1993;59:1313–1315\nPadilla SL: Ovarian abscess following puncture of an endometrioma during ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval. Hum Reprod 1993;8:1282–1283\nPaul Dmowski W, Braun DP: Immunology of endometriosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2004;18:245–263\nOrvieto R. Ben-Rafael Z: Bleeding, severe pelvic infection, and ectopic pregnancy. In Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, Laboratory and Clinical Perspectives, DK Gardner, A Weissman, CM Howles, Z Shoham, and M Dunitz (eds), 2001, pp. 655–662\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nAdditional information\nThe abstract of this report has been presented in 20th Annual Meeting of the ESHRE (European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology), Berlin, Germany, 27–30 June 2004.\nRights and permissions\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nMoini, A., Riazi, K., Amid, V. et al. Endometriosis may contribute to oocyte retrieval-induced pelvic inflammatory disease: report of eight cases{1}. J Assist Reprod Genet 22, 307–309 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-005-6003-2\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-005-6003-2","source_license":"public-domain-us","license_restricted":false}