{"paper_id":"d2131ad5-66fa-4f25-91a1-eb30b35bd990","body_text":"Abstract\nDietary supplements are gaining recognition as potential influencers of female reproductive health, but their connection to endometriosis risk remains underexplored. This study addressed this gap, examining the impact of daily dietary supplement intake on the initiation and progression of endometriosis. To explore this, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 3950 participants representative of the US population from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Infertility was determined by a question on year-long attempts to become pregnant. Unweighted and weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses assessed the association between dietary supplements and endometriosis risk. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the participants’ body mass index (BMI). The results revealed intriguing patterns. Specifically, higher dietary fiber content (Q4 vs Q1: OR = 0.56, 95% CI = (0.37,0.84), P = 0.0062) and density (Q4 vs Q1: OR = 0.55, 95% CI = (0.38,0.81), P = 0.0035) were linked to reduced risk of endometriosis. Protein content (Q4 vs Q1: OR = 0.47, 95% CI = (0.31,0.74), P = 0.0011) and density (Q4 vs Q1: OR = 0.63, 95% CI = (0.45,0.88), P = 0.0096) similarly exhibited a negative association with endometriosis risk. Interestingly, when stratified by BMI, these effects were pronounced in normal-weight women, whereas they were not evident in the overweight and obese subgroup. Protein content and density showed no significant associations across subpopulations. In conclusion, this study established a negative relationship between dietary fiber and endometriosis, particularly notable in normal-weight women. 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A prospective study of dietary fat consumption and endometriosis risk. Hum Reprod. 2010;25:1528–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deq044.\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nContributions\nConceptualization, WZ; formal analysis, KL, WZ; methodology, WZ; software, WZ; writing—original draft, review and editing, KL, WZ.\nCorresponding author\nEthics declarations\nEthics Approval\nAll survey procedures are supervised and approved by the NCHS Ethics Review Board, and each survey respondent provides written consent. These publicly available data are de-identified, so further institutional review committee approval is exempted.\nConsent to Participate\nInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.\nConsent for Publication\nThe participant has consented to the submission of the research article to the journal.\nCompeting Interests\nThe authors declare no competing interests.\nAdditional information\nPublisher's Note\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nSupplementary Information\nBelow is the link to the electronic supplementary material.\nRights and permissions\nSpringer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nLi, K., Zhang, W. The Association Between Daily Intake of Dietary Supplements and Self-Reported Endometriosis: A NHANES-Based Study. Reprod. Sci. 31, 1936–1947 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-024-01464-4\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nVersion of record:\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-024-01464-4","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}