{"paper_id":"cfaa99b3-2493-493d-a369-3860372b4e5b","body_text":"Abstract\nEndometriosis is a disease where vascularised tissue similar to endometrium (the lining of the uterus) grows outside of the uterus. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of inflammation, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, altered energy metabolism, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).Even though endometriosis was described more than 150 years ago, we have been unable to find its effective therapy. Conservative treatment approaches like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or hormone therapy are available to date for the treatment of endometriosis. Anti-angiogenic inhibitors and immunomodulators like IFN-α, β, and TNF-α inhibitors are also potential treatment options. These treatments are inadequate as they either affect the symptoms only of endometriosis or target only one pathological pathway involved. Surgical excision of the endometriotic lesion is also possible, however, recurrence of the disease is reported in several cases. A single therapeutic agent targeting several pathological processes in endometriosis would always be a better option. Here we present our perspective on the pharmacological potential of Ethyl pyruvate and also propose it as a promising therapeutic agent for endometriosis as it inhibits inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, aerobic glycolysis, EMT, and ROS activity together.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nVercellini P, Viganò P, Somigliana E, Fedele L. Endometriosis: pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014;10:261–75. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2013.255.\nBulletti C, Coccia M, Battistoni S, Borini A. Endometriosis and infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2010;27:441–7.\nDeguara CS, Pepas L, Davis C. Does minimally invasive surgery for endometriosis improve pelvic symptoms and quality of life? 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J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2009;23. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2008.08.005.\nAcknowledgements\nThe authors acknowledge Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, SERB (ANRF), New Delhi, India, and RLS-DBT, New Delhi, India, for facilitating this work.\nFunding\nThe researchers did not receive any specific grants from funding agencies in the public or not-for-profit sectors.\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nContributions\nRohini Ravindran Nair: Conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, writing-original draft, visualization and supervision. Suresh Singh Yadav: Conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, visualization, writing-review & editing.\nCorresponding author\nEthics declarations\nCompeting Interests\nThe authors disclose no conflict of interest.\nAdditional information\nPublisher’s Note\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nRights and permissions\nSpringer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nYadav, S.S., Nair, R.R. Ethyl Pyruvate as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Endometriosis: A Perspective. Reprod. Sci. 32, 1979–1986 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-025-01875-x\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nVersion of record:\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-025-01875-x","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}