{"paper_id":"cf2609c4-6a45-4831-9d45-75db9d2f3eeb","body_text":"Abstract\nPurpose: Our purpose was (1) to identify characteristics correlated with pregnancy outcome, (2) to use these characteristics to predict in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome, and (3) to develop strategies that might improve IVF success.\nMethods: Maternal age, cause for IVF, donor insemination, rank of attempt, serum estradiol and luteinizing hormone levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration, flexible vs rigid catheter, number of embryos transferred of each morphologic type, and cell number were analyzed by logistic regression.\nResults: Variables positively correlated with success are as follows: (1) for pregnancy, endometriosis and 2-, 3-, and 4-cell good and 4-cell excellent embryos: (2) for live births, 2-, 3-, and 4-cell good and 4-cell excellent embryos and donor insemination; and (3) for multiple births, 2- and 4-cell good and 4-cell excellent embryos. Maternal age was negatively correlated with live births.\nConclusions: Embryos derived from IVF have different potentials for implantation, live births, and multiple births. Transferring one additional good-quality embryo for each 5 years of incremental increase in maternal age is predicated to improve live birth rates without increasing multiple births.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nREFERENCES\nEdwards RG, Steptoe PC: Current status of in-vitro fertilization and implantation of human embryos. Lancet 1983;2:1265–1269\nHull MG, Eddowes HA, Fahy U, et al.: Expectations of assisted conception for infertility. BMJ 1992;304:1465–1469\nFIVNAT (French in vitro National Registry) Analysis of 1986 to 1990 data. Fertil Steril 1993;59:587–595\nAssisted reproductive technology in the United States and Canada: 1991 results from The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, The American Fertility Society Registry. Fertil Steril 1993;59:956–962\nHughes EG, King C, Wood EC: A prospective study of prognostic factors in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 1989;51:838–844\nPuissant F, Van Rysselbergr M, Barlow P, Deweze J, Leroy F: Embryo scoring as a prognostic tool in IVF treatment. Hum Reprod 1987;2:705–708\nShulman A, Ben-Nun I, Ghetler Y, Kaneti H, Shilon M, Beyth Y: Relationship between embryo morhology and implantation rate after in vitro fertilization treatment in conception cycles. Fertil Steril 1993;60:123–126\nPaulson RJ, Sauer MV, Lobo RA: Embryo implantation after human in vitro fertilization: importance of endometrial receptivity. Fertil Steril 1990;53:870–874\nDawson-Saunders B, Trapp RG (eds): Basic and Clinical Biostatistics. London, Prentice Hall Appleton and Lange, 1990\nAbdalla HI, Burton G, Kirkland A, et al.: Age, pregnancy and misscarriage: Uterine versus ovarian factors. Hum Reprod 1993;8:1512–1517\nJansen RP: Spontaneous abortion incidence in the treatment of infertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;143:451–473\nGroll M: Endometriosis and spontaneous abortion. Fertil Steril 1984;41: 933–935\nDicker D, Goldman JA, Levy T, Feldberg D, Ashkenazi J: The impact of long-term gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue treatment on precrinical abortions in patients with severe endometriosis undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 1982;57:597–600\nMetzger DA, Olive DL, Stohs GF, Franklin RR: Association of endometriosis and spontaneous abortion: effect of control group selection. Fertil Steril 1986;45:18–22\nAcosta AA, Moon SY, Oehninger S, Muasher SJ, Rosenwaks Z, Matta JF: Implantation potential of each pre-embryo in multiple pregnancies obtained by in vitro fertilization seems to be different. Fertil Steril 1988;50:906–911\nStaessen C, Camus M, Bollen N, Devroey P, Van Steirteghem AC: The relationship between embryo quality and the occurance of multiple pregnancies. Fertil Steril 1992;57:626–630\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nRights and permissions\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nMinaretzis, D., Harris, D., Alper, M.M. et al. Multivariate Analysis of Factors Predictive of Successful Live Births in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Suggests Strategies to Improve IVF Outcome. J Assist Reprod Genet 15, 365–371 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022528915761\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022528915761","source_license":"public-domain-us","license_restricted":false}