{"paper_id":"c465a546-533d-41c6-a916-1d3818c45271","body_text":"INTRODUCTION \nReview question / Objective To review and \nsummarize the epidemiology, diagnostic \nmodalities, and treatment methods of \nurinary tract endometriosis. \nRationale Endometriosis is the presence of active \nendometrial gland and stroma outside the uterine \ncavity. This disease has significant impact on the \nquality of life of affected women. Endometriosis \nmanifests in a number of painful ways including \ndysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and dysuria. 1-2% of \nendometriosis cases occur in the urinary tract, \nknown as urinary tract endometriosis (UE). UE is \nprevalent in 0.3-12% of all endometriosis cases \nand 19-53% of deep infiltrating endometriosis. UE, \nan infrequent finding, presents with diverse clinical \nentities in terms of etiology, symptoms, and \nconsequences on renal function. Consequently, \ndiagnosis and treatment is challenging with regard \nto alleviating symptoms and preserving the renal \nfunction within reasonable morbidity levels. \nCondition being studied Endometriosis involving \nthe bladder, ureters, kidneys, and urethra. \nMETHODS \nSearch strategy Retrospective literature \nsystematic review of select articles on urinary tract \nendometriosis by using databases including \nPubMed, Ovid, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane. \nParticipant or population Published articles \nbetween 1976 to March 2023. \nIntervention N/a. \nComparator N/a. \nINPLASY 1\nInternational Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols\nINPLASYUrinary Tract Endometriosis: Literature from 1976 to \n2023\nFatehchehr, S1; Jiang, M2; Nasab, S3.\nADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION  \nSupport -  No financial support. \nReview Stage at time of this submission - Completed but not \npublished. \nConflicts of interest - None declared. \nINPLASY registration number: INPLASY202420054 \nAmendments - This protocol was registered with the International \nPlatform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols \n(INPLASY) on 12 February 2024 and was last updated on 12 February \n2024.\nCorresponding author: \nSoorena Fatehchehr\nsoorena.fatehchehr@gmail.com\nAuthor Affiliation:                   \nUCLA-Kern Medical, Department of \nObstetrics and Gynecology.\nFatehchehr et al. INPLASY protocol 202420054. doi:10.37766/inplasy2024.2.0054\nFatehchehr et al. INPLASY protocol 202420054. doi:10.37766/inplasy2024.2.0054 Downloaded from https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-2-0054/\nINPLASY202420054\ndoi: 10.37766/inplasy2024.2.0054 \nReceived: 12 February 2024\nPublished: 12 February 2024\n\nStudy designs to be included Systematic review. \nEligibility criteria We did not attempt to identify \nunpublished articles or abstracts. We also \nexcluded articles that did not explore issues \nspecific to the UE. In addition, we excluded articles \nthat reported redundant findings. \nInformation sources Electronic databases \nincluding PubMed, Ovid, Embase, MEDLINE, and \nCochrane. We did not attempt to identify \nunpublished articles or abstracts, and we did not \ncontact study authors.\nMain outcome(s) Bladder endometriosis is the \nmost common (80-85%) and has speci fic \nsymptoms. Ureteral endometriosis is the second \nmost common (9-23%) with non-speci fic \nsymptoms. It is up to 50% asymptomatic and \noften complicated with hydronephrosis. Renal \n(<1-2%) and urethral (<1-2%) endometriosis are \nless prevalent with less available data. \nMost suitable diagnostic modalities to detect UE \nare MRI, US, and cystoscopy. Proper initial \nsurveillance measures maximize the preparation \nfor more effective Minimally Invasive Surgery \nexcision plans in multidisciplinary settings, which is \na gold standard for early surveillance detection, \nand leading to definitive treatment with excellent \noutcomes. Accurate follow-up evaluation \nminimizes progression and recurrence of UE. \nQuality assessment / Risk of bias analysis There \nwere no specific tools used to assess risk of bias. \nStrategy of data synthesis Data were extracted \nfrom reviewed articles, entered in a spreadsheet to \nbe reviewed by all authors, then presented in \ntables. No specific tools were used for tabulation. \nAny data of question were discussed among the \nauthors.\nSubgroup analysis No subgroup analysis \nperformed. The emphasis of this review is \nsummarizing the epidemiology, diagnostic \nmodalities, and treatment methods of urinary tract \nendometriosis. \nSensitivity analysis No sensitivity analyses were \nperformed. \nLanguage restriction English. \nCountry(ies) involved United States. \nKeywords bladder; ureter; kidney; urethra; \nendometriosis. \nContributions of each author \nAuthor 1 - Soorena Fatehchehr - Extracted & \nreviewed data, drafted the manuscript.\nAuthor 2 - Maggie Jiang - Extracted & reviewed \ndata, drafted the manuscript.\nAuthor 3 - Susan Nasab - Extracted & reviewed \ndata, drafted the manuscript.\nINPLASY 2Fatehchehr et al. INPLASY protocol 202420054. doi:10.37766/inplasy2024.2.0054\nFatehchehr et al. INPLASY protocol 202420054. doi:10.37766/inplasy2024.2.0054 Downloaded from https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-2-0054/","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}