{"paper_id":"bd411e43-2a1d-47bf-9599-4f4450cbd9c8","body_text":"Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 July 2008\nThe two main ways in which disease and nutrition can influence fertility are by reducing fecundity or by extending the birth interval. Fecundity refers to reproductive ability, that is the potential to breed, as compared to fertility which denotes actual childbearing (McFalls & McFalls, 1984). Reduced fecundity, which is usually referred to as subfecundity, results from impairment of any of the biological aspects of reproduction, including coital inability, conceptive failure as well as pregnancy loss. Subfecundity is only one factor operating to reduce fertility; other factors include those governing mate exposure (both formation and dissolution of unions as well as exposure to intercourse within unions) and birth control.\n- Type\n- Research Article\n- Information\n- Copyright\n- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992\nBarrett-Connor, E. (1969) Infections and pregnancy: a review. Southern med. J. 62, 275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBelsey, M. (1979) Biological factors other than nutrition and lactation which may influence natural fertility: additional notes with particular reference in sub-Saharan Africa. In: Natural Fertility. Edited by Leridon, H. & Meaker, J.. Ordina, Liège.Google Scholar\nEaton, J. & Mucha, J. (1971) Increased fertility in males with sickle cell trait. Nature, Lond. 231, 456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nEpelboin, S. & Epelboin, A. (1979) Dangers of infection, pain and death. People, 6, 26.Google Scholar\nFrisch, R. E. (1990) Body fat, menarche, fitness and fertility. In: Adipose Tissue and Reproduction. Edited by Frisch, R. E.. Karger, Basel.Google Scholar\nMcFalls, J. A. & McFalls, M. H. (1984) Disease and Fertility. Academic Press, Orlando.Google Scholar\nMuir, D. & Belsey, M. (1980) Pelvic inflammatory disease and its consequences in the developing world. Am. J. Obstet. Gynec. 138, 913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSchrifin, B., Erez, S. & Moore, J. (1973) Teen-age endometriosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynec. 116, 973.Google Scholar\nSoong, Y-K., Lee, P-S., Kau, S-M., Lee, C-J. & Pao, C-C. (1990) Endocervical chlamydial deoxyribomucleic acid in infertile women. Fert. Steril. 54, 815.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSpangler, D., Jones, G. & Jones, H. (1971) Infertility due to endometriosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynec. 109, 850.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nTau-Cody, K. R., Campbell, W. F., Dodson, M. G. & Minhas, B. S. (1988) Progesterone markedly enhances Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions in vitro and results in increased inflammation and productive infection in vivo. Fert. Steril. 50, S29.Google Scholar\nWolff, H., Newbert, U., Zebhauser, M., Bezold, G., Korting, H. C. & Mewer, M. (1991) Chlamydia trachomatis induces an inflammatory response in the male genital tract as associated with altered semen quality. Fert. Steril. 55, 1017.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\n- 9\n- Cited by\nCited by\nCrossref Citations\nSCOTT, SUSAN\nand\nDUNCAN, C. J.\n2000.\nInteracting effects of nutrition and social class differentials on fertility and infant mortality in a pre-industrial population.\nPopulation Studies,\nVol. 54,\nIssue. 1,\np.\n71.\nSear, Rebecca\nMace, Ruth\nand\nMcGregor, Ian A.\n2003.\nThe Biodemography of Human Reproduction and Fertility.\np.\n135.\nOmbelet, William\nand\nNargund, Geeta\n2008.\nTextbook of Periconceptional Medicine.\np.\n261.\nOmbelet, W.\nCooke, I.\nDyer, S.\nSerour, G.\nand\nDevroey, P.\n2008.\nInfertility and the provision of infertility medical services in developing countries.\nHuman Reproduction Update,\nVol. 14,\nIssue. 6,\np.\n605.\nWiwanitkit, Viroj\n2009.\nAbnormal menstruation in malaria: a short review.\nArchives of Gynecology and Obstetrics,\nVol. 280,\nIssue. 1,\np.\n1.\nBassukas, Ioannis D.\nGaitanis, Georgios\nand\nHundeiker, Max\n2012.\nLeprosy and the natural selection for psoriasis.\nMedical Hypotheses,\nVol. 78,\nIssue. 1,\np.\n183.\nBreschi, Marco\nFornasin, Alessio\nManfredini, Matteo\nPozzi, Lucia\nRettaroli, Rosella\nand\nScalone, Francesco\n2014.\nSocial and Economic Determinants of Reproductive Behavior Before the Fertility Decline. The Case of Six Italian Communities During the Nineteenth Century.\nEuropean Journal of Population,\nVol. 30,\nIssue. 3,\np.\n291.\nWang, Ying\nShao, Ruifeng\nHe, Chihua\nand\nChen, Ligang\n2021.\nEmerging progress on diagnosis and treatment of female genital tuberculosis.\nJournal of International Medical Research,\nVol. 49,\nIssue. 5,\n2022.\nAnatomical Causes of Infertility Diagnosed Using Imaging Tests in A Group of 100 Women.\nKhalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research,\np.\n24.","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}