{"paper_id":"b6d84fcd-564f-4202-a7a0-aef92052be2d","body_text":"Prognostic value of cancer markers in ovarian \nendometriosis in women of reproductive age \nFeruza Oripova* \nBukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan \nAbstract. The article contains fragments of a scientific study aimed at \ndeveloping prognostic criteria for uterine leiomyoma, the authors studied \ncancer markers in women of reproductive age. Early diagnosis of uterine \nleiomyoma contributes to effective conservative and organ -preserving \ntreatment of this disease. \n1 Introduction \nTumor markers are substances of a protein nature that can be found in the blood or urine \nof people with a cancer predisposition. Tumor cells secrete tumor markers into the blood \nfrom the moment the neoplasm develops, which determines the diagnosis of the disease even \nat the preclinical stage[1]. The values of tumor markers can be used to judge both the presence \nof a tumor process and the effect of treatment. Also, the dynamic monitoring of tumor \nmarkers allows you to determine the very beginning of the recurrence of the disease  [2]. \nTo date, it has been established that immunohistochemical expression of CA 125 is a late \nevent in the carcinogenesis of adenocarcinomas of the digestive tract. Preoperative serum \ndetermination of CA 19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9), CEA and CA 125 can be used as an \nindependent prognostic factor for 5-year relapse-free survival [3]. \nWhen investigating the possibility of using carbohydrate antigen CA 19 -9, carbohydrate \nantigen CA 15-3, carbohydrate antigen CA 125 and alpha -fetoprotein-AFP for the detection \nof gastrointestinal cancer, it was  found that markers associated with the type of tumor were \nelevated in certain types cancer and well differentiated cancer and benign neoplasms, with \ngreater accuracy in colorectal cancer [4]. \nPurpose of the study. To assess the prognostic significance of tumor markers in uterine \nleiomyoma in women of reproductive age. \n2 Materials and methods \n120 women of reproductive age with uterine leiomyoma hospitalized in the gynecology \ndepartment were examined on the basis of the Bukhara Regional Perinatal Center. The  \ncontrol group consisted of 30 healthy women of reproductive age [5]. The content of \noncomarkers in blood serum (CA -125; CA -15-3; CA -19.9; AFP; CEA) was studied by \n                                                           \n* Corresponding author: parviz.feruza83@mail.ru \nBIO Web of Conferences 121, 03009 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202412103009\nGLSBIA 2024\n  © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under  the terms of  the Creative\nCommons Attribution License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). \n\nenzyme immunoassay using the Vector -Best test systems with a set of reagents A -8768, \nRussian Federation, Novosibirsk[6].  \n3 Results and its discussion \nTo confirm the diagnosis, all women were also studied indicators of tumor markers in the \nblood. As a result, a statistically significant increase in the studied blood cancer markers was \nobtained: CA-125 was increased by 6.26 times, CA-15-3 marker was increased by 2.53 times, \nCA-19.9 marker was increased by 3.75 times against control values (P<0.05 - 0.001) (Table \n1). \nTable 1. Indicators of oncological blood markers in uterine leiomyoma. \nIndex Control group Experimental group \nСА-125  3,19±0,06 19,99±1,83* \nСА-15-3 7,01±0,40 17,69±0,30*** \nСА19,9 3,23±1.14 12,10±0,38* \nAFP 0 13,68±0,90 \nCEA 0 6,66±0,64 \nNote: * Values are significant in relation to the control group (P<0.05 - 0.001) \nIt is now known that the tumor marker CA 125 (Carbohydrate antigen 125) is considered \na tumor marker for ovarian cancer. Normally, its concentration is 4.0-8.8×109/l (0-30 IU/ml). \nWith an increase in the rate above 35 U / ml, ovarian cancer is detected in 90% of cas es. \nElevated levels of CA 125, more than 30 IU / ml may indicate malignant diseases such as \ncancer of the female genital organs (ovaries - in most cases, less often endometrial cancer \n(the inner layer of the uterus), fallopian tubes, cancer of the respiratory organs (less specific) \nand organs gastrointestinal tract, pancreas. \nIn more rare cases, CA 125 is found in non -oncological processes, for example, with \nendometriosis, excessive growth of the inner layer of the uterus develops; with adenomyosis, \nthe ger mination of the inner layer of the uterus into the muscle tissue is noted; during \nmenstruation and during pregnancy; with inflammation of the female genital organs; \ninflammatory diseases of the liver. \nGiven the above, it is important to determine CA -125 in combination with other tumor \nmarkers. There are scientifically proven facts that the oncomarker CA -15-3 (mucin -like \nglycoprotein or carbohydrate antigen 15 -3 refers to oncomarkers of neoplastic (tumor) \nprocesses that occur in the mammary gland. Its norm al values are 9.2 -38 U/ l , i n some \nlaboratories - 0-22 IU/ml. \nThe reason for its name as a tumor marker of breast cancer is the fact that in 80% of cases \nof breast cancer in women that has metastasized, this tumor marker is increased.  \nThere is evidence that the CA 15 -3 indicator may rise with benign neoplasms and \ninflammatory diseases of the mammary glands; cirrhotic hepatic processes; as a physiological \n\"splash\" in the 2nd half of pregnancy and in some autoimmune processes. \nOncomarker CA 19-9 is a carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), which is used for early \ndiagnosis of neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. The most informative analysis for tumors \nof the pancreas. The specificity in this case is high and amounts to 82%. With tumor problems \nof the biliary system and liver, it is specific in 72% of cases. Its normal values are 0 -37 U / \nml. Concentrations of 40 IU/ml and above are considered dangerous.  \nOncomarker CA 19 -9 allows you to determine: malignant processes of the \ngastrointestinal tract (cancer of the stomach, intestines); cancer of the liver, gallbladder and \nbile ducts; cancer of the female genital organs and mammary glands; bladder cancer.  \nBIO Web of Conferences 121, 03009 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202412103009\nGLSBIA 2024\n2\n\n Among the processes of a non -tumor nature, CA 19 -9 increases in the case of: \ninflammatory changes and cirrhotic processes in liver diseases; diseases of the biliary tract \nand gallbladder (cholecystitis, cholangitis, cholelithiasis); cystic fibrosis (damage  to the \nglands of external secretion and breathing problems). \nTherefore, the results of the study of tumor markers in uterine leiomyoma in women show \nthe presence of other concomitant diseases, in particular gastrointestinal diseases, obesity and \ndisharmony. \nFor precise differentiation in oncopathology, alpha -fetoprotein (AFP) and \ncarcinomaembryonic antigens (CEA) have also been studied. A trend towards an increase in \nAFP- up to 13.68±0.90 ng/ml and CEA- up to 6.66±0.64 ng/ml in the patients of the examined \ngroup was revealed. The obtained indicators served as the basis for the diagnosis of uterine \nleiomyoma. \nIt is known that AFP, a tumor marker, is a glycoprotein in chemical structure and is \nsimilar to albumin. Norm: up to 10 ng / ml, (8 IU / ml), content above 10 IU / ml - an indicator \nof pathology.  \nReferring to the literature data, the determination of serum tumor markers can be used in \nthe dynamic monitoring of patients. The combined use of CEA and other tumor markers may \nbe useful for determining the prognosis in terms of metastasis, postoperative complications, \nand the combined determination of CEA and CA 19 -9 can be used for early  detection of \ncancer, AFP should be considered as a potential marker of tumor activity and a predictor of \nsurvival. \nCarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or ANTIGEN CD66E is a non -specific marker. It is \nproduced by the developing cells of the digestive tract of the fetus. In adults, it is determined \nin minimal amounts, normally up to 5 ng / ml (according to some sources - up to 6.3 ng / ml). \nAccording to the literature, there is a slight increase in SEA in smokers. At a SEA level above \n20 ng / ml, a malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, large intestine, rectum), \na malignant process of the mammary gland, neoplasms of the prostate, the reproductive \nsystem of men and women, the thyroid gland, metastatic processes in the liver should be \nsuspected and bone structures. \nIf the SEA level is up to 10 ng/ ml, then there is a possibility that the patient has \npathological processes in the liver (inflammation, cirrhosis), intestinal polyps, Crohn's \ndisease, pancreatic diseases, tuberculosis, pneumonia ( pneumonia), cystic fibrosis and/ or \npostoperative metastatic process. \nThe study of cytokines in the blood serum of patients of the examined groups revealed an \nincrease in the level of IL -6 by 4.6 times, a 7 -fold increase in TNFa, an increase in the \nconcentration of TGF-β2 in the blood by 117.7 times, an increase in VEGF by 2.95 times, a \ndecrease in the level IGF, increased FGF levels. \nThe result obtained allows us to conclude that, with uterine leiomyoma, there is a high \nincrease in the concentration of growth factor s that regulate the processes of angiogenesis \nand hematopoiesis. At the same time, against the background of a decrease in the protective \nreparative processes of restoration of the vascular wall, there is a high risk of stimulating the \ngrowth and proliferation of leiomyoma cells. And so, all the data obtained show the state of \ndysregulation of the synthesis, release and transformation of cytokines and protein growth \nfactors in uterine leiomyoma. \nTumor markers in the blood were increased, while CA-125 was increased by 6.26 times, \nCA-15-3 marker was increased by 2.53 times, CA-19.9 marker was increased by 3.75 times. \nFor leiomyoma, the appearance of AFP and CEA markers in the blood was also established, \nwhich confirms the diagnosis of leiomyoma in the women of the examined group. \n  \nBIO Web of Conferences 121, 03009 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202412103009\nGLSBIA 2024\n3\n\n4 Conclusion \nThus, uterine leiomyoma is characterized by: relative lymphocytopenia, absolute \nneutrophilic leukocytosis, increased basophils and ESR against the background of a decrease \nin the absolute number of eosinophils and monocy tes in peripheral blood. And also there is \na decrease in AST, an increase in the level of total bilirubin. At the same time, a significant \nincrease in the level of urea, a decrease in creatinine and total blood protein in patients of the \nsurvey group were also established. The results obtained confirm the violation of the urea \ncycle, which is clinically manifested by symptoms of renal pathology, which is paraclinically \nascertained by hypoproteinemia and uremia. In this case, hypoproteinemia indicates an \nincrease in the process of catabolism of blood proteins and as an outcome of bleeding, \ncharacteristic of the tumor process. The coagulogram parameters revealed a significant \ndecrease in PTI with a tendency to hyperfibrinogenemia against the background of \ndiscoagulation with a risk of developing DIC. \nThus, for an accurate diagnosis, it is very important to take into account concomitant \ndiseases and conditions, the pathogenetic mechanism of which allows the causative factor to \nbe revealed, as well as to predict the recurrence and metastasis of the oncological process. \nReferences \n1. Sh. F. Bakhodirova, G. A. Ikhtiyarova, M. J. Aslonova, S. S. Davlatov, European Journal \nof Molecular & Clinical Medicine 7(2), 6350-6356 (2020) \n2. F. Sh. Oripova, G. A. Ikhtiyarova, S. S. Davlatov, International Journal of \nPharmaceutical Research 13, 761-765 (2021) \n3. G. A. Ikhtiyarova, N. K. Dustova, M. Z. Aslonova, S. I. Nasriddinova, Annals of the \nRomanian Society for Cell Biology 25(4), 1887-1894 (2021) \n4. G. A. Ikhtiyarova, N. K. Dustova, R. R. Kudratova, S. U. Bakhramova, D. B. Khafizova, \nAnnals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology 25(1), 6219-6226 (2021) \n5. G. A. Ikhtiyarova, M. Zh. Aslonova, Z. Sh. Kurbanova, D. M. Kalimatova, Russian \nJournal of Woman and Child Health 4(1) (2021) \n6. F. Sh. Oripova, G. A. Ikhtiyarova, M. T. Khamdamova, Sh. Shukurlaev, Journal of \nBichemistry, Genitics and Biology 4, 1865-1872 (2021) \n7. F. Nurutdinova, Z. Tuksanova, Y. Rasulova, E3S Web Conf. 474, 01002 (2024) \n8. Sh. Oblokulov, E3S Web Conf. 474, 01003 (2024) \nBIO Web of Conferences 121, 03009 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202412103009\nGLSBIA 2024\n4","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}