{"paper_id":"b64514d0-2811-4914-b2ef-98dfb233672b","body_text":"Abstract\nBackground\nChronic pelvic pain (CPP) affects about one in four women globally and has a variety of etiologies, including gynecologic causes. Interventional radiology (IR) offers minimally invasive treatment options for several of these etiologies.\nPurpose\nThis review provides an overview of IR interventions for treating gynecologic causes of CPP, including fibroids, adenomyosis, pelvic venous disease (PeVD), endometriosis, and peritoneal inclusion cysts (PICs).\nMethods\nA narrative review was conducted on IR techniques for managing gynecologic causes of CPP, with emphasis on procedural applications, clinical presentation, and diagnostic approaches.\nResults\nUterine artery embolization (UAE) has shown effectiveness in treating fibroids and is increasingly applied for adenomyosis, while gonadal vein embolization is effective for managing PeVD. Emerging IR techniques show promise for treating endometriosis and PICs. This review discusses patient presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and procedural details unique to each condition.\nConclusion\nAs IR options for CPP expand, a comprehensive understanding of the clinical and procedural nuances can broaden the scope of effective treatment options.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nLamvu G, Carrillo J, Ouyang C, Rapkin A. chronic pelvic pain in women: a review. JAMA. 2021;325(23):2381–91. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.2631.\nTanaka ME, Keefe N, Caridi T, Kohi M, Salazar G. Interventional radiology in obstetrics and gynecology: updates in women’s health. Radiographics. 2023;43(3):e220039. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.220039.\nLamvu G, Williams R, Zolnoun D, et al. Long-term outcomes after surgical and nonsurgical management of chronic pelvic pain: one year after evaluation in a pelvic pain specialty clinic. 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Victoria Risner and Estefania Gonzales declare that they have no conflict of interest.\nEthical Approval\nThis article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.\nConsent for Publication\nFor this type of study consent for publication is not required.\nAdditional information\nPublisher's Note\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nRights and permissions\nSpringer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nRisner, V., Gonzales, E., McColgan, Y. et al. Interventional Radiology Treatments to Address Chronic Pelvic Pain in Females. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 48, 950–962 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-024-03823-9\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nVersion of record:\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-024-03823-9","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}