{"paper_id":"b25bdd22-1084-4fbe-b506-b9a67778581d","body_text":"Abstract\nTumour necrosis factor (TNF) ligand members and their associated TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamilies have many diverse physiological roles. TNF is thought to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of a range of diseases including refractory asthma, sepsis, ankylosing spondylitis, lupus, type II diabetes, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. The recent continued expansion of the novel anti-TNF therapeutic agents (etanercept and infliximab) has seen major improvements in the treatment of some inflammatory-based human diseases including notably rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease, with other conditions currently being trialled using anti-TNF agents. The cellular signalling machinery used by TNFRs to achieve their many cellular responses are discussed, as is the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor signalling mechanisms. TNF is known to have many actions throughout the body including effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/gonadal axes, with many anti-gonadotrophic effects including a role in the development of endometriosis. These interactions between TNF, GnRH and gonadotrophs are discussed.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nBeutler B, Greenwald D, Hulmes JD et al (1985) Identity of tumor necrosis factor and the macrophage-secreted factor cachectin. Nature 316:552–554\nLoetscher H, Gentz R, Zulauf M et al (1991) Recombinant 55-KDa tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF) receptor—stoichiometry of binding to TNF-α and TNF-β and inhibition of TNF activity. J Biol Chem 266:18324–18329\nFiers W, Beyaert R, Boone E et al (1996) TNF-induced intracellular signaling leading to gene induction or to cytotoxicity by necrosis or by apoptosis. J Inflamm 47:67–75\nAggarwal BB, Shishodia S, Takada Y et al (2006) TNF blockade: an inflammatory issue. 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Expert Opin Ther Targets 8:459–471\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nAdditional information\nSpecial issue article in honor of George Fink.\nRights and permissions\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nMacEwan, D.J. Interactions between TNF and GnRH. Neurochem Res 33, 678–682 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-007-9505-8\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-007-9505-8","source_license":"public-domain-us","license_restricted":false}