{"paper_id":"b1f24113-636e-4e07-b7e9-bec9b8d5258a","body_text":"12.4 Conclusions\nAt present, the only SERMs routinely used in clinical practice are tamoxifen and raloxifene. Tamoxifen is used essentially as adjuvant treatment in women with breast cancer. Its use is related to estrogenic effects on the uterus. Specifically, tamoxifen can be associated with an increase not only in endometrial hyperplasia and cancer risk but also in uterine leiomyoma dimensions and in a risk of developing active endometriotic lesions.\nRaloxifene is actually used for the treatment and prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Also, if raloxifene has been shown to have any effect on uterine leiomyomas in vitro and in animal models, to date no concrete efficacy has been demonstrated in normally cycled premenopausal women. Moreover, the addition of raloxifene to GnRH-a administration can be useful for limiting GnRH-a-related side effects and increasing the rate of reduction in tumor size.\nRegarding the use of SERMs in women with endometriosis, the efficacy of raloxifene or other compounds is only potential. Experimental studies to determine if SERMs have a greater potency against uterine leiomyomas and endometriosis are currently in progress.\nAccess this chapter\nTax calculation will be finalised at checkout\nPurchases are for personal use only\nPreview\nUnable to display preview. Download preview PDF.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nAbad de Velasco L, Cano A (2003) Acute abdomen due to endometriosis in a premenopausal woman taking tamoxifen. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 109:234–235\nAkande VA, Hunt LP, Cahill DJ, Jenkins JM (2004) Differences in time to natural conception between women with unexplained infertility and infertile women with minor endometriosis. 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Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-34742-9_12\nDownload citation\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-34742-9_12\nPublisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg\nPrint ISBN: 978-3-540-24227-7\nOnline ISBN: 978-3-540-34742-2\neBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)\nKeywords\nThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}