{"paper_id":"b0c11944-3acd-4a68-96de-a97f2a7f889b","body_text":"Nezhat's Textbook of Minimally Invasive Surgery\nBuy print or eBook\n[Opens in a new window] Including Hysteroscopy, Vaginoscopy and Robotic-Assisted Procedures\n- Nezhat’s Textbook of Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Nezhat’s Textbook of Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Copyright page\n- Dedication\n- Contents\n- Online Resources\n- Contributors\n- Foreword\n- Preface\n- Chapter 1 A History of Modern-Day Video Surgery with and without Robotic Assistance\n- Chapter 2 Equipment for Operative Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy\n- Chapter 3 Anesthesia\n- Chapter 4 Patient Positioning and Operating Room Setup\n- Chapter 5 Laparoscopic Access\n- Chapter 6 Laparoscopic Suturing\n- Chapter 7 Pelvic Anatomy\n- Chapter 8 Hysteroscopy\n- Chapter 9 Fertility\n- Chapter 10 Management of Adnexal Masses\n- Chapter 11 Endometriosis\n- Chapter 12 Video Laparoscopic Adhesiolysis and Adhesion Prevention\n- Chapter 13 Video Laparoscopic Sterilization\n- Chapter 14 Leiomyomas\n- Chapter 15 Hysterectomy\n- Chapter 16 Pelvic Floor Procedures\n- Chapter 17 Video Laparoscopy\n- Chapter 18 Gynecologic Malignancy\n- Chapter 19 Video Laparoscopic Surgery during Pregnancy\n- Chapter 20 Pediatric Surgery\n- Chapter 21 Video Laparoscopic Aortic Surgery\n- Chapter 22 Additional Procedures for Pelvic Surgeons\n- Chapter 23 Simulation Training in Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Chapter 24 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopy\n- Chapter 25 Vascular Surgery and Management of Pelvic Complications\n- Chapter 26 Fetal Surgery\n- Chapter 27 Hemostatic Agents in Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Chapter 28 New Techniques in Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Book part\n- Index\n- References\nPublished online by Cambridge University Press: 06 November 2025\nBook contents\n- Nezhat’s Textbook of Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Nezhat’s Textbook of Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Copyright page\n- Dedication\n- Contents\n- Online Resources\n- Contributors\n- Foreword\n- Preface\n- Chapter 1 A History of Modern-Day Video Surgery with and without Robotic Assistance\n- Chapter 2 Equipment for Operative Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy\n- Chapter 3 Anesthesia\n- Chapter 4 Patient Positioning and Operating Room Setup\n- Chapter 5 Laparoscopic Access\n- Chapter 6 Laparoscopic Suturing\n- Chapter 7 Pelvic Anatomy\n- Chapter 8 Hysteroscopy\n- Chapter 9 Fertility\n- Chapter 10 Management of Adnexal Masses\n- Chapter 11 Endometriosis\n- Chapter 12 Video Laparoscopic Adhesiolysis and Adhesion Prevention\n- Chapter 13 Video Laparoscopic Sterilization\n- Chapter 14 Leiomyomas\n- Chapter 15 Hysterectomy\n- Chapter 16 Pelvic Floor Procedures\n- Chapter 17 Video Laparoscopy\n- Chapter 18 Gynecologic Malignancy\n- Chapter 19 Video Laparoscopic Surgery during Pregnancy\n- Chapter 20 Pediatric Surgery\n- Chapter 21 Video Laparoscopic Aortic Surgery\n- Chapter 22 Additional Procedures for Pelvic Surgeons\n- Chapter 23 Simulation Training in Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Chapter 24 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopy\n- Chapter 25 Vascular Surgery and Management of Pelvic Complications\n- Chapter 26 Fetal Surgery\n- Chapter 27 Hemostatic Agents in Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Chapter 28 New Techniques in Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Book part\n- Index\n- References\nEndometriosis is classically defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in ectopic locations. Affecting 6–10% of reproductive-aged women, endometriosis can result in dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and/or subfertility.[1,2] The prevalence of this condition in women experiencing pain, infertility, or both is as high as 50%. Endometriosis is a debilitating condition, posing quality-of-life (QOL) issues for the individual patient.[3] The disorder represents a major cause of gynecologic hospitalization in the US, estimated to have exceeded $69 billion in healthcare costs for diagnosis and treatment and improving QOL in 2009.[4] The significant individual and public health concerns associated with endometriosis underscore the importance of understanding its pathogenesis. The first recorded description of pathology consistent with endometriosis was provided by Shroen in 1690.[5] Despite the passage of time and extensive investigation, the exact pathogenesis of this enigmatic disorder remains unknown, although about 50% of risk of developing endometriosis is due to genetic factors and 50% to environmental factors.\n- Type\n- Chapter\n- Information\n- Nezhat's Textbook of Minimally Invasive SurgeryIncluding Hysteroscopy, Vaginoscopy and Robotic-Assisted Procedures, pp. 284 - 357Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2025\nGiudice, LC. Clinical practice. Endometriosis. New Engl J Med 2010;362(25):2389–2398.10.1056/NEJMcp1000274CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nEskenazi, B, Warner, ML. Epidemiology of endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1997;24(2):235–258.10.1016/S0889-8545(05)70302-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNnoaham, KE, Hummelshoj, L, Webster, P, et al. Impact of endometriosis on quality of life and work productivity: a mutlicenter study across ten countries. Fertil Steril 2001;96(2):366–373.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.090CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nSimoens, S, Dunselman, G, Dirksen, C, et al. The burden of endometriosis: costs and quality of life of women with endometriosis and treated in referral centres. Hum Reprod 2012;27(5):1292–1299.10.1093/humrep/des073CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRahmioglu, N, Montgomery, GW, Zondervan, KT. Genetics of endometriosis. Women’s Health 2016;11(5):577–586.Google Scholar\nIwanoff, N. Dusiges cystenhaltiges uterusfibromyom compliciert durch sarcom und carcinom. (Adenofibromyoma cysticum sarcomatodes carcinomatosum.) Monatsch Geburtshilfe Gynakol 1898;7:295–300.Google Scholar\nLevander, G, Normann, P. The pathogenesis of endometriosis; an experimental study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1955;34(4):366–398.10.3109/00016345509158287CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMerrill, JA. Endometrial induction of endometriosis across Millipore filters. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1966;94(6):780–790.Google ScholarPubMed\nSuginami, H. A reappraisal of the coelomic metaplasia theory by reviewing endometriosis occurring in unusual sites and instances. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165(1):214–218.10.1016/0002-9378(91)90254-OCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMatsuura, K, Ohtake, H, Katabuchi, H, et al. Coelomic metaplasia theory of endometriosis: evidence from in vivo studies and an in vitro experimental model. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1999;47(Suppl 1):18–20; discussion 20–22.10.1159/000052855CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nRussell, W. Aberrant portions of the mullerian duct found in an ovary. Ovarian cysts of mullerian origin. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1899;10:8.Google Scholar\nSignorile, PG, Baldi, F, Bussani, R, et al. Ectopic endometrium in human foetuses is a common event and sustains the theory of mullerianosis in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, a disease that predisposes to cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2009;28:49.10.1186/1756-9966-28-49CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nPluchino, N, Taylor, HS. Endometriosis and stem cell trafficking. Reprod Sci 2016;23(12):1616–1619.10.1177/1933719116671219CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRosenfeld, DL, Lecher, BD. Endometriosis in a patient with Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;139(1):105–109.10.1016/0002-9378(81)90418-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar\nSchrodt, GR, Alcorn, MO, Ibanez, J. Endometriosis of the male urinary system: a case report. J Urol 1980;124(5):722–723.10.1016/S0022-5347(17)55627-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSampson, JA. Metastatic or embolic endometriosis, due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the venous circulation. Am J Pathol 1927;3(2):93–110.Google ScholarPubMed\nUeki, M. Histologic study of endometriosis and examination of lymphatic drainage in and from the uterus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165(1):201–209.10.1016/0002-9378(91)90252-MCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHey-Cunningham, AJ, Fazleabas, AT, Braundmeier, AG, et al. Endometrial stromal cells and immune cell populations within lymph nodes in a nonhuman primate model of endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2011;18(8):747–754.10.1177/1933719110397210CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nJavert, CT. The spread of benign and malignant endometrium in the lymphatic system with a note on coexisting vascular involvement. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1952;64(4):780–806.10.1016/S0002-9378(16)38796-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nJubanyik, KJ, Comite, F. Extrapelvic endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1997;24(2):411–440.10.1016/S0889-8545(05)70311-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSampson, JA. Peritoneal endometriosis due to menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1927;14:442–469.10.1016/S0002-9378(15)30003-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar\nHalme, J, Hammond, MG, Hulka, JF, et al. Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 1984;64(2):151–154.Google ScholarPubMed\nSanfilippo, JS, Wakim, NG, Schikler, KN, et al. Endometriosis in association with uterine anomaly. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986;154(1):39–43.10.1016/0002-9378(86)90389-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nD’Hooghe, TM, Bambra, CS, Suleman, MA, et al. Development of a model of retrograde menstruation in baboons (Papio anubis). Fertil Steril 1994;62(3):635–638.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)56957-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar\nNawroth, F, Rahimi, G, Nawroth, C, et al. Is there an association between septate uterus and endometriosis? Hum Reprod 2006;21(2):542–544.10.1093/humrep/dei344CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBarbieri, RL. Stenosis of the external cervical os: an association with endometriosis in women with chronic pelvic pain. Fertil Steril 1998;70(3):571–573.10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00189-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRidley, JH, Edwards, IK. Experimental endometriosis in the human. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1958;76(4):783–789; discussion 789–790.10.1016/0002-9378(58)90011-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDmowski, WP, Radwanska, E. Current concepts on pathology, histogenesis and etiology of endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 1984;123:29–33.10.3109/00016348409156978CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAl-Fozan, H, Tulandi, T. Left lateral predisposition of endometriosis and endometrioma. Obstet Gynecol 2003;101(1):164–166.Google ScholarPubMed\nVercellini, P, Aimi, G, De Giorgi, O, et al. Is cystic ovarian endometriosis an asymmetric disease? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105(9):1018–1021.10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10267.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChapron, C, Chopin, N, Borghese, B, et al. Deeply infiltrating endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomical distribution. Hum Reprod 2006;21(7):1839–1845.10.1093/humrep/del079CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nJenkins, S, Olive, DL, Haney, AF. Endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomic distribution. Obstet Gynecol 1986;67(3):335–338.Google ScholarPubMed\nBulletti, C, DeZiegler, D, Stefanetti, M, et al. Endometriosis: absence of recurrence in patients after endometrial ablation. Hum Reprod 2001;16(12):2676–2679.10.1093/humrep/16.12.2676CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRock, JA, Parmley, TH, King, TM, et al. Endometriosis and the development of tuboperitoneal fistulas after tubal ligation. Fertil Steril 1981;35(1):16–20.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45251-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nLucidi, RS, Witz, CA, Chrisco, M, et al. A novel in vitro model of the early endometriotic lesion demonstrates that attachment of endometrial cells to mesothelial cells is dependent on the source of endometrial cells. Fertil Steril 2005;84(1):16–21.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.10.058CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSimpson, JL, Elias, S, Malinak, LR, et al. Heritable aspects of endometriosis. I. Genetic studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980;137(3):327–331.10.1016/0002-9378(80)90917-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nHadfield, RM, Mardon, HJ, Barlow, DH, et al. Endometriosis in monozygotic twins. Fertil Steril 1997;68(5):941–942.10.1016/S0015-0282(97)00359-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nTreloar, SA, Wicks, J, Nyholt, DR, et al. Genomewide linkage study in 1,176 affected sister pair families identifies a significant susceptibility locus for endometriosis on chromosome 10q26. Am J Hum Genet 2005;77(3):365–376.10.1086/432960CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nPainter, JN, Anderson, CA, Nyholt, DR, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies a locus at 7p15.2 associated with endometriosis. Nat Genet 2011;43(1):51–54.10.1038/ng.731CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRahmioglu, N, Nyholt, DR, Morris, AP, et al. Genetic variants underlying risk of endometriosis: insights from meta-analysis of eight genome-wide association and replication datasets. Hum Reprod Update 2014;20(5):702–716.10.1093/humupd/dmu015CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nSapkota, Y, Steinthorsdottir, V, Morris, AP, et al. Meta-analysis identifies five novel loci associated with endometriosis highlighting key genes involved in hormone metabolism. Nature Commun 2017;8:15539,10.1038/ncomms15539CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nFung, JN, Girling, JE, Lukowski, SW, et al. The genetic regulation of transcription in human endometrial tissue. Hum Reprod 2017;32(4):893–904.10.1093/humrep/dex006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBurney, RO, Talbi, S, Hamilton, AE, et al. Gene expression analysis of endometrium reveals progesterone resistance and candidate susceptibility genes in women with endometriosis. Endocrinology 2007;148(8):3814–3826.10.1210/en.2006-1692CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nTamaresis, JS, Irwin, JC, Goldfien, GA, et al. Molecular classification of endometriosis and disease stage using high-dimensional genomic data. Endocrinology 2014;155(12):4986–4999.10.1210/en.2014-1490CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nGuo, SW, Wu, Y, Strawn, E, et al. Genomic alterations in the endometrium may be a proximate cause for endometriosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004;116(1):89–99.10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.02.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAnglesio, MS, Bashashati, A, Wang, YK, et al. Multifocal endometriotic lesions associated with cancer are clonal and carry a high mutation burden. J Pathol 2015;236(2):201–209.10.1002/path.4516CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAnglesio, MS, Papadopoulos, N, Ayhan, A, et al. Cancer-associated mutations in endometriosis without cancer. New Engl J Med 2017;376(19):1835–1848.10.1056/NEJMoa1614814CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDinulescu, DM, Ince, TA, Quade, BJ, et al. Role of K-ras and Pten in the development of mouse models of endometriosis and endometrioid ovarian cancer. Nat Med 2005;11(1):63–70.10.1038/nm1173CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBulun, SE. Endometriosis. New Engl J Med 2009;360(3):268–279.10.1056/NEJMra0804690CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nZeitoun, K, Takayama, K, Sasano, H, et al. Deficient 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression in endometriosis: failure to metabolize 17beta-estradiol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83(12):4474–4480.Google ScholarPubMed\nBulun, SE, Cheng, YH, Yin, P, et al. Progesterone resistance in endometriosis: link to failure to metabolize estradiol. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006;248(1–2):94–103.10.1016/j.mce.2005.11.041CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAttia, GR, Zeitoun, K, Edwards, D, et al. Progesterone receptor isoform A but not B is expressed in endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85(8):2897–2902.Google Scholar\nHoushdaran, S, Zelenko, Z, Irwin, JC, Giudice, LC. Human endometrial DNA methylome is cycle-dependent and is associated with gene expression regulation. Mol Endocrinol 2014;28(7):1118–1135.10.1210/me.2013-1340CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHoushdaran, S, Nezhat, CR, Vo, KC, et al. Aberrant endometrial DNA methylome and associated gene expression in endometriosis. Biol Reprod 2016;95(5):93.10.1095/biolreprod.116.140434CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSaare, M, Modhukur, V, Suhorutschenko, M, et al. The influence of menstrual cycle and endometriosis on endometrial methylome. Clinical Epigenetics 2016;8:2–10.10.1186/s13148-015-0168-zCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNaqvi, H, Ilagan, Y, Krikun, G, Taylor, HS. Altered genome-wide methylation in endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2014;21(10):1237–1243.10.1177/1933719114532841CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nGuo, SW. Epigenetics of endometriosis. Mol Hum Reprod 2009;15(10):587–607.10.1093/molehr/gap064CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nGroothuis, PG, Koks, CA, de Goeij, AF, et al. Adhesion of human endometrium to the epithelial lining and extracellular matrix of amnion in vitro: an electron microscopic study. Hum Reprod 1998;13(8):2275–2281.10.1093/humrep/13.8.2275CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nDemir Weusten, AY, Groothuis, PG, Dunselman, GA, et al. Morphological changes in mesothelial cells induced by shed menstrual endometrium in vitro are not primarily due to apoptosis or necrosis. Hum Reprod 2000;15(7):1462–1468.10.1093/humrep/15.7.1462CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nKyama, CM, Overbergh, L, Debrock, S, et al. Increased peritoneal and endometrial gene expression of biologically relevant cytokines and growth factors during the menstrual phase in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2006;85(6):1667–1675.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.11.060CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNap, AW, Groothuis, PG, Demir, AY, et al. Tissue integrity is essential for ectopic implantation of human endometrium in the chicken chorio-allantoic membrane. Hum Reprod 2003;18(1):30–34.10.1093/humrep/deg033CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nJuanico-Valve, J, Houshdaran, S, Giudice, LC. The endometrial immune environment in women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 2019;25(5):564–591.10.1093/humupd/dmz018CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nOosterlynck, DJ, Cornillie, FJ, Waer, M, et al. Women with endometriosis show a defect in natural killer activity resulting in a decreased cytotoxicity to autologous endometrium. Fertil Steril 1991;56(1):45–51.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)54414-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nSomigliana, E, Vigano, P, Gaffuri, B, et al. Human endometrial stromal cells as a source of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 molecules. Hum Reprod 1996;11(6):1190–1194.10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019353CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSomigliana, E, Vigano, P, Gaffuri, B, et al. Modulation of NK cell lytic function by endometrial secretory factors: potential role in endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996;36(5):295–300.10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00179.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nTseng, JF, Ryan, IP, Milam, TD, et al. Interleukin-6 secretion in vitro is up-regulated in ectopic and eutopic endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(3):1118–1122.Google ScholarPubMed\nVelasco, I, Rueda, J, Acien, P. Aromatase expression in endometriotic tissues and cell cultures of patients with endometriosis. Mol Hum Reprod 2006;12(6):377–381.10.1093/molehr/gal041CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPatel, BG, Lenk, EE, Lebovic, DI, et al. Pathogenesis of endometriosis: Interaction between endocrine and inflammatory pathways. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018;50:50–60.10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.01.006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRana, N, Braun, DP, House, R, et al. Basal and stimulated secretion of cytokines by peritoneal macrophages in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1996;65(5):925–930.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58262-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSharpe-Timms, KL, Piva, M, Ricke, EA, et al. Endometriotic lesions synthesize and secrete a haptoglobin-like protein. Biol Reprod 1998;58(4):988–994.10.1095/biolreprod58.4.988CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAkoum, A, Metz, CN, Al-Akoum, M, et al. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression in the intrauterine endometrium of women with endometriosis varies with disease stage, infertility status, and pelvic pain. Fertil Steril 2006;85(5):1379–1385.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.10.073CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMarchino, GL, Gennarelli, G, Enria, R, et al. Diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis with use of macroscopic versus histologic findings. Fertil Steril 2005;84(1):12–15.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.09.042CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNisolle, M, Donnez, J. Peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, and adenomyotic nodules of the rectovaginal septum are three different entities. Fertil Steril 1997;68(4):585–596.10.1016/S0015-0282(97)00191-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nJohnson, NP, Hummelshoj, L, Adamson, GD, et al. World endometriosis society consensus on the classification of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2017;32:315–324.10.1093/humrep/dew293CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSakamoto, A. Subserosal adenomyosis: a possible variant of pelvic endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165(1):198–201.10.1016/0002-9378(91)90251-LCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nWu, Y, Strawn, E, Basir, Z, et al. Genomic alterations in ectopic and eutopic endometria of women with endometriosis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2006;62(3):148–159.10.1159/000093130CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBruner-Tran, KL, Eisenberg, E, Yeaman, GR, et al. Steroid and cytokine regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in endometriosis and the establishment of experimental endometriosis in nude mice. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87(10):4782–4791.10.1210/jc.2002-020418CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNoble, LS, Simpson, ER, Johns, A, Bulun, SE. Aromatase expression in endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(1):174–179.Google ScholarPubMed\nJones, RK, Searle, RF, Bulmer, JN. Apoptosis and bcl-2 expression in normal human endometrium, endometriosis and adenomyosis. Hum Reprod 1998;13(12):3496–3502.10.1093/humrep/13.12.3496CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nTaylor, HS, Bagot, C, Kardana, A, Olive, D, Arici, A. HOX gene expression is altered in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 1999;14(5):1328–1331.10.1093/humrep/14.5.1328CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nGonzalez-Ramos, R, Van Langendonckt, A, Defrere, S, et al. Involvement of the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2010;94(6):1985–1994.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHalme, J, Becker, S, Wing, R. Accentuated cyclic activation of peritoneal macrophages in patients with endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;148(1):85–90.10.1016/S0002-9378(84)80037-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nKhorram, O, Taylor, RN, Ryan, IP, Schall, TJ, Landers, DV. Peritoneal fluid concentrations of the cytokine RANTES correlate with the severity of endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169(6):1545–1549.10.1016/0002-9378(93)90433-JCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAkoum, A, Lemay, A, McColl, SR, Paradis, I, Maheux, R. Increased monocyte chemotactic protein-1 level and activity in the peripheral blood of women with endometriosis. Le Groupe d’Investigation en Gynecologie. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175(6):1620–1625.10.1016/S0002-9378(96)70115-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nOosterlynck, DJ, Meuleman, C, Waer, M, Koninckx, PR. Transforming growth factor-beta activity is increased in peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 1994;83(2):287–292.Google ScholarPubMed\nHsu, CC, Lin, YS, Wang, ST, Huang, KE. Immunomodulation in women with endometriosis receiving GnRH agonist. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89(6):993–998.10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00145-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHasson, HM. Incidence of endometriosis in diagnostic laparoscopy. J Reprod Med 1976;16(3):135–138.Google ScholarPubMed\nSchmidt, CL. Endometriosis: a reappraisal of pathogenesis and treatment. Fertil Steril 1985;44(2):157–273.Google ScholarPubMed\nGiudice, LC, Kao, LC. Endometriosis. Lancet 2004;364(9447):1789–1799.10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17403-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nWilliams, TJ, Pratt, JH. Endometriosis in 1,000 consecutive celiotomies: incidence and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;129(3):245–250.10.1016/0002-9378(77)90773-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nHuang, JQ, Lathi, RB, Lemyre, M, et al. Coexistence of endometriosis in women with symptomatic leiomyomas. Fertil Steril 2010;94(2):720–723.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.052CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C. Operative laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery): state of the art. J Gynecol Surg 1992;8(3):111–141.10.1089/gyn.1992.8.111CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Crowgey, SR, Garrison, CP. Surgical treatment of endometriosis via laser laparoscopy. Fertil Steril 1986;45(6):778–783.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)49392-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRokitansky, C. Uterusdrusen-Neubildung in uterus and ovarial sarcomen. Z Gesellschaft Aertz Wein 1860;16:755.Google Scholar\nKing, H. Once upon a text: hysteria from Hippocrates. In Gilman, SKP, ed. Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1993: 3–90.10.1525/9780520309937-002CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C. Endometriosis: ancient disease, ancient treatments. Fertil Steril 2012;98(6 Suppl): S1–62.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.08.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nClinical memoirs on the diseases of women. Br Foreign Med Chir Rev 1867;40(79):109–118.Google Scholar\nByrne, J. Researches and Observations on Pelvic Haematocele. Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar; 2009.Google Scholar\nGomel, V, McComb, P. Microsurgery in gynecology. In Silver, JS, ed. Microsurgery. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1979: 143–183.Google Scholar\nCook, AS, Rock, JA. The role of laparoscopy in the treatment of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1991;55(4):663–680.Google ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Winer, WK, Cooper, JD, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C. Endoscopic infertility surgery. J Reprod Med 1989;34(2):127–134.Google ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Hood, J, Winer, W, et al. Videolaseroscopy and laser laparoscopy in gynaecology. Br J Hosp Med 1987;38(3):219–224.Google ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, CH, Admon, D. Videolaseroscopy and videolaparoscopy. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1994;8(4):851–864.10.1016/S0950-3552(05)80060-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, FR. Safe laser endoscopic excision or vaporization of peritoneal endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1989;52(1):149–151.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)60805-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRuysch, F. Frederici Ruyschii anatomiaè & botanices professoris Thesaurus anatomicus primus. Amstelaedami, apud Joannem Wolters; 1710.Google Scholar\nSiesto, G, Ieda, N, Rosati, R, Vitobello, D. Robotic surgery for deep endometriosis: a paradigm shift. Int J Med Robot 2014;10(2):140–146.10.1002/rcs.1518CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nStylopoulos, N, Rattner, D. Robotics and ergonomics. Surg Clin North Am 2003;83(6):1321–1337.10.1016/S0039-6109(03)00161-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSampson, JA. Peritoneal endometriosis due to menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1927;14:422–469.10.1016/S0002-9378(15)30003-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar\nJensen, JR, Coddington, CC 3rd. Evolving spectrum: the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2010;53(2):379–388.10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181db7b84CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nFerguson, BR, Bennington, JL, Haber, SL. Histochemistry of mucosubstances and histology of mixed mullerian pelvic lymph node glandular inclusions. Evidence for histogenesis by mullerian metaplasia of coelomic epithelium. Obstet Gynecol 1969;33(5):617–625.Google ScholarPubMed\nHalban, J. Hysteroadenosis metastica (die lymphogene genes dersog. Adenofibromatosis hetertopica). Wein Klin Wochenschr 1924;37:1205.Google Scholar\nSampson, JA. Metastatic or embolic endometriosis, due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the venous circulation. Am J Pathol 1927;3(2):93–110.Google ScholarPubMed\nBulun, SE. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 2009;360(3):268–279.10.1056/NEJMra0804690CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHornung, D, Ryan, IP, Chao, VA, et al. Immunolocalization and regulation of the chemokine RANTES in human endometrial and endometriosis tissues and cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(5):1621–1628.Google Scholar\nKao, LC, Germeyer, A, Tulac, S, et al. Expression profiling of endometrium from women with endometriosis reveals candidate genes for disease-based implantation failure and infertility. Endocrinology 2003;144(7):2870–2881.10.1210/en.2003-0043CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nOsteen, KG, Bruner, KL, Sharpe-Timms, KL. Steroid and growth factor regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression and endometriosis. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1996;14(3):247–525.10.1055/s-2007-1016334CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nTseng, JF, Ryan, IP, Milam, TD, et al. Interleukin-6 secretion in vitro is up-regulated in ectopic and eutopic endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(3):1118–1122.Google ScholarPubMed\nRedwine, DB. Was Sampson wrong? Fertil Steril 2002;78(4):686–693.10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03329-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nGarry, R. The effectiveness of laparoscopic excision of endometriosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2004;16(4):299–303.10.1097/01.gco.0000136496.95075.79CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRevised American Fertility Society classification of endometriosis: 1985. Fertil Steril 1985;43(3):351–352.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)48430-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar\nLuciano, AA, Lowney, J, Jacobs, SL. Endoscopic treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility. Therapeutic, economic and social benefits. J Reprod Med 1992;37(7):573–576.Google ScholarPubMed\nDavis, CJ, McMillan, L. Pain in endometriosis: effectiveness of medical and surgical management. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2003;15(6):507–512.10.1097/00001703-200312000-00009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMoen, MH, Schei, B. Epidemiology of endometriosis in a Norwegian county. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997;76(6):559–562.10.3109/00016349709024584CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nEskenazi, B, Warner, M, Bonsignore, L, et al. Validation study of nonsurgical diagnosis of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2001;76(5):929–935.10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02736-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHusby, GK, Haugen, RS, Moen, MH. Diagnostic delay in women with pain and endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003;82(7):649–653.10.1034/j.1600-0412.2003.00168.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar\nPage, B. Camran Nezhat & the advent of advanced operative video-laparoscopy. In Nezhat, C, ed. Nezhat’s History of Endoscopy – A Historical Analysis of Endoscopy’s Ascension since Antiquity. Tuttlingen: Endo Press; 2011.Google Scholar\nKelley, WE, Jr. The evolution of laparoscopy and the revolution in surgery in the decade of the 1990s. JSLS 2008;12(4):351–357.Google Scholar\nOlive, DL, Martin, DC. Treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility with CO2 laser laparoscopy: the use of one- and two-parameter exponential models. Fertil Steril 1987;48(1):18–23.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)59283-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nFilmar, S, Gomel, V, McComb, PF. Operative laparoscopy versus open abdominal surgery: a comparative study on postoperative adhesion formation in the rat model. Fertil Steril 1987;48(3):486–489.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)59423-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nLuciano, AA, Maier, DB, Koch, EI, Nulsen, JC, Whitman, GF. A comparative study of postoperative adhesions following laser surgery by laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the rabbit model. Obstet Gynecol 1989;74(2):220–224.Google ScholarPubMed\nMaier, DB, Nulsen, JC, Klock, A, Luciano, AA. Laser laparoscopy versus laparotomy in lysis of pelvic adhesions. J Reprod Med 1992;37(12):965–968.Google ScholarPubMed\nHackethal, A, Sick, C, Szalay, G, et al. Intra-abdominal adhesion formation: does surgical approach matter? Questionnaire survey of South Asian surgeons and literature review. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2011;37(10):1382–1390.10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01543.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nLuciano, A, Maoufauino-Oliva, M. Comparison of postoperative adhesion formation – laparoscopy versus laparotomy. Infert Reprod Med Clin North Am 1994;5:437.Google Scholar\nDiamond, MP, Daniell, JF, Feste, J, et al. Adhesion reformation and de novo adhesion formation after reproductive pelvic surgery. Fertil Steril 1987;47(5):864–866.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)59181-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMarana, R, Luciano, AA, Marendino, VE, et al. Reproductive outcome after ovarian surgery: microsurgery versus CO2 laser. J Gynecol Surg 1991;7(3):159–162.10.1089/gyn.1991.7.159CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nLundorff, P, Hahlin, M, Kallfelt, B, Thorburn, J, Lindblom, B. Adhesion formation after laparoscopic surgery in tubal pregnancy: a randomized trial versus laparotomy. Fertil Steril 1991;55(5):911–915.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)54298-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nTrimbos-Kemper, TC, Trimbos, JB, van Hall, EV. Adhesion formation after tubal surgery: results of the eighth-day laparoscopy in 188 patients. Fertil Steril 1985;43(3):395–400.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)48438-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CR, Nezhat, FR, Metzger, DA, Luciano, AA. Adhesion reformation after reproductive surgery by videolaseroscopy. Fertil Steril 1990;53(6):1008–1011.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)53576-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nOperative Laparoscopy Study Group. Postoperative adhesion development after operative laparoscopy: evaluation at early second-look procedures. Fertil Steril 1991;55(4):700–704.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)54233-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nMartin, DC. CO2 laser laparoscopy for the treatment of endometriosis associated with infertility. J Reprod Med 1985;30(5):409–412.Google ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Crowgey, S, Nezhat, F. Videolaseroscopy for the treatment of endometriosis associated with infertility. Fertil Steril 1989;51(2):237–240.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)60483-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAdamson, GD, Subak, LL, Pasta, DJ, et al. Comparison of CO2 laser laparoscopy with laparotomy for treatment of endometriomata. Fertil Steril 1992;57(5):965–973.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55010-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDonnez, J. CO2 laser laparoscopy in infertile women with endometriosis and women with adnexal adhesions. Fertil Steril 1987;48(3):390–394.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)59404-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nFayez, JA, Collazo, LM. Comparison between laparotomy and operative laparoscopy in the treatment of moderate and severe stages of endometriosis. Int J Fertil 1990;35(5):272–279.Google ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Silfen, S, Nezhat, F, Martin, D. Surgery for endometriosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1991;3(3):385–393.10.1097/00001703-199106000-00013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nGomel, V. Laparoscopic tubal surgery in infertility. Obstet Gynecol 1975;46(1):47–48.10.1097/00006250-197507000-00008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nGomel, V. Salpingo-ovariolysis by laparoscopy in infertility. Fertil Steril 1983;40(5):607–611.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)47418-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChong, AP, Luciano, A, O’Shaughnessy, AM. Laser laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the treatment of infertility patients with severe endometriosis. J Gynecol Surg 1990;6(3):179–183.10.1089/gyn.1990.6.179CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCrosignani, PG, Vercellini, P, Biffignandi, F, et al. Laparoscopy versus laparotomy in conservative surgical treatment for severe endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1996;66(5):706–711.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58622-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSoong, YK, Chang, FH, Chou, HH, et al. Life table analysis of pregnancy rates in women with moderate or severe endometriosis comparing danazol therapy after carbon dioxide laser laparoscopy plus electrocoagulation or laparotomy plus electrocoagulation versus danazol therapy only. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 1997;4(2):225–230.10.1016/S1074-3804(97)80014-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nLittman, E, Giudice, L, Lathi, R, et al. Role of laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis in patients with failed in vitro fertilization cycles. Fertil Steril 2005;84(6):1574–1578.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.059CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSoriano, D, Adler, I, Bouaziz, J, et al. Fertility outcome of laparoscopic treatment in patients with severe endometriosis and repeated in vitro fertilization failures. Fertil Steril 2016;106:1264–1269.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.06.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBusacca, M, Fedele, L, Bianchi, S, et al. Surgical treatment of recurrent endometriosis: laparotomy versus laparoscopy. Hum Reprod 1998;13(8):2271–2274.10.1093/humrep/13.8.2271CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CR, Stevens, A, Balassiano, E, Soliemannjad, R. Robotic-assisted laparoscopy vs conventional laparoscopy for the treatment of advanced stage endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015;22(1):40–44.10.1016/j.jmig.2014.06.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBedaiwy, MA, Rahman, MY, Chapman, M, et al. Robotic-assisted hysterectomy for the management of severe endometriosis: a retrospective review of short-term surgical outcomes. JSLS 2013;17(1):95–99.10.4293/108680812X13517013317275CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCollinet, P, Leguevaque, P, Neme, RM, et al. Robot-assisted laparoscopy for deep infiltrating endometriosis: international multicentric retrospective study. Surg Endosc 2014;28(8):2474–2479.10.1007/s00464-014-3480-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChammas, MF Jr, Kim, FJ, Barbarino, A, et al. Asymptomatic rectal and bladder endometriosis: a case for robotic-assisted surgery. Can J Urol 2008;15(3):4097–4100.Google ScholarPubMed\nLiu, C, Perisic, D, Samadi, D, Nezhat, F. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial bladder resection for the treatment of infiltrating endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2008;15(6):745–748.10.1016/j.jmig.2008.07.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAverbach, M, Popoutchi, P, Marques, OW Jr., et al. Robotic rectosigmoidectomy – pioneer case report in Brazil. Current scene in colorectal robotic surgery. Arq Gastroenterol 2010;47(1):116–118.10.1590/S0004-28032010000100018CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Hajhosseini, B, King, LP. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic treatment of bowel, bladder, and ureteral endometriosis. JSLS 2011;15(3):387–392.10.4293/108680811X13125733356396CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRevelli, A, Modotti, M, Ansaldi, C, Massobrio, M. Recurrent endometriosis: a review of biological and clinical aspects. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1995;50(10):747–754.10.1097/00006254-199510000-00022CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSchenken, RS, Malinak, LR. Reoperation after initial treatment of endometriosis with conservative surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;131(4):416–424.10.1016/0002-9378(78)90417-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nWheeler, JM, Malinak, LR. Recurrent endometriosis: incidence, management, and prognosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1983;146(3):247–253.10.1016/0002-9378(83)90744-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMurphy, AA, Green, WR, Bobbie, D, dela Cruz, ZC, Rock, JA. Unsuspected endometriosis documented by scanning electron microscopy in visually normal peritoneum. Fertil Steril 1986;46(3):522–524.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)49598-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, F, Allan, CJ, Nezhat, C, Martin, DC. Nonvisualized endometriosis at laparoscopy. Int J Fertil 1991;36(6):340–343.Google ScholarPubMed\nVasquez, G, Cornillie, F, Brosens, IA. Peritoneal endometriosis: scanning electron microscopy and histology of minimal pelvic endometriotic lesions. Fertil Steril 1984;42(5):696–703.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)48193-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAdamson, GD, Pasta, DJ. Surgical treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility: meta-analysis compared with survival analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;171(6):1488–1504; discussion 1504–1505.10.1016/0002-9378(94)90392-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMarcoux, S, Maheux, R, Berube, S. Laparoscopic surgery in infertile women with minimal or mild endometriosis. Canadian Collaborative Group on Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 1997;337(4):217–222.10.1056/NEJM199707243370401CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nTulandi, T, al-Took, S. Reproductive outcome after treatment of mild endometriosis with laparoscopic excision and electrocoagulation. Fertil Steril 1998;69(2):229–231.10.1016/S0015-0282(97)00469-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChapron, C, Fritel, X, Dubuisson, JB. Fertility after laparoscopic management of deep endometriosis infiltrating the uterosacral ligaments. Hum Reprod 1999;14(2):329–332.10.1093/humrep/14.2.329CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMagos, A. Endometriosis: radical surgery. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1993;7(4):849–864.10.1016/S0950-3552(05)80467-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Falik, R, McKinney, S, King, LP. Pathophysiology and management of urinary tract endometriosis. Nat Rev Urol 2017;14(6):359–372.10.1038/nrurol.2017.58CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, F, Nezhat, C. Operative laparoscopy for the treatment of ovarian remnant syndrome. Fertil Steril 1992;57(5):1003–1007.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55016-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, F, Nezhat, C, Silfen, SL. Videolaseroscopy for oophorectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165(5 Pt 1):1323–1330.10.1016/S0002-9378(12)90753-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRanney, B. Endometriosis. 3. Complete operations. Reasons, sequelae, treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971;109(8):1137–1144.10.1016/0002-9378(71)90653-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRanney, B. Endometriosis. I. Conservative operations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1970;107(5):743–753.10.1016/S0002-9378(16)33993-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBarbieri, R. Hormonal therapy of endometriosis. Infert Reprod Med Clin North Am 1992;3:187.Google Scholar\nDover, RW, Chen, J, Torode, H. Oophorectomy at the time of surgery for moderate endometriosis: a survey of Australian gynaecologists. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2000;40(4):455–458.10.1111/j.1479-828X.2000.tb01181.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNamnoum, AB, Hickman, TN, Goodman, SB, Gehlbach, DL, Rock, JA. Incidence of symptom recurrence after hysterectomy for endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1995;64(5):898–902.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57899-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHickey, M, Ambekar, M, Hammond, I. Should the ovaries be removed or retained at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease? Hum Reprod Update 2010;16(2):131–141.10.1093/humupd/dmp037CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nWeir, E, Mustard, C, Cohen, M, Kung, R. Endometriosis: what is the risk of hospital admission, readmission, and major surgical intervention? J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005;12(6):486–493.10.1016/j.jmig.2005.09.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nShakiba, K, Bena, JF, McGill, KM, Minger, J, Falcone, T. Surgical treatment of endometriosis: a 7-year follow-up on the requirement for further surgery. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111(6):1285–1292.10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181758ec6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nParker, WH, Broder, MS, Chang, E, et al. Ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy and long-term health outcomes in the nurses’ health study. Obstet Gynecol 2009;113(5):1027–1037.10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181a11c64CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRoyal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. C-Gyn25: prophylactic oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy for benign gynaecological disease. O & G Mag 2009;11(3):75–76.Google Scholar\nFedele, L, Bianchi, S, Raffaelli, R, Zanconato, G. Comparison of transdermal estradiol and tibolone for the treatment of oophorectomized women with deep residual endometriosis. Maturitas 1999;32(3):189–193.10.1016/S0378-5122(99)00032-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nGoumenou, AG, Chow, C, Taylor, A, Magos, A. Endometriosis arising during estrogen and testosterone treatment 17 years after abdominal hysterectomy: a case report. Maturitas 2003;46(3):239–241.10.1016/S0378-5122(03)00081-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCohen, I, Altaras, MM, Lew, S, et al. Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and endometriosis developing in a postmenopausal breast cancer patient during tamoxifen therapy: a case report and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 1994;55(3 Pt 1):443–447.10.1006/gyno.1994.1319CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nLam, AM, French, M, Charnock, FM. Bilateral ureteric obstruction due to recurrent endometriosis associated with hormone replacement therapy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1992;32(1):83–84.10.1111/j.1479-828X.1992.tb01910.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMatorras, R, Elorriaga, MA, Pijoan, JI, Ramon, O, Rodriguez-Escudero, FJ. Recurrence of endometriosis in women with bilateral adnexectomy (with or without total hysterectomy) who received hormone replacement therapy. Fertil Steril 2002;77(2):303–308.10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02981-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBrunson, GL, Barclay, DL, Sanders, M, Araoz, CA. Malignant extraovarian endometriosis: two case reports and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 1988;30(1):123–130.10.1016/0090-8258(88)90055-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMoen, MH, Rees, M, Brincat, M, et al. EMAS position statement: Managing the menopause in women with a past history of endometriosis. Maturitas 2010;67(1):94–97.10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.04.018CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nLessey, BA, Young, SL. What exactly is endometrial receptivity? Fertil Steril 2019;111(4):611–617.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.02.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDun, EC, Wong, S, Lakhi, NA, Nehzat, CH. Recurrent massive ascites due to mossy endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2016;106(6):e14.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1119CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNisolle, M, Donnez, J. Peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, and adenomyotic nodules of the rectovaginal septum are three different entities. Fertil Steril 1997;68(4):585–596.10.1016/S0015-0282(97)00191-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCornillie, FJ, Oosterlynck, D, Lauweryns, JM, Koninckx, PR. Deeply infiltrating pelvic endometriosis: histology and clinical significance. Fertil Steril 1990;53(6):978–983.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)53570-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nVernon, MW, Beard, JS, Graves, K, Wilson, EA. Classification of endometriotic implants by morphologic appearance and capacity to synthesize prostaglandin F. Fertil Steril 1986;46(5):801–806.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)49814-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCrain, JL, Luciano, AA. Peritoneal fluid evaluation in infertility. Obstet Gynecol 1983;61(2):159–164.Google ScholarPubMed\nNisolle, M, Paindaveine, B, Bourdon, A, et al. Histologic study of peritoneal endometriosis in infertile women. Fertil Steril 1990;53(6):984–988.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)53571-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRedwine, DB. Peritoneal blood painting: an aid in the diagnosis of endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161(4):865–866.10.1016/0002-9378(89)90737-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, F, Nezhat, C, Allan, CJ, Metzger, DA, Sears, DL. Clinical and histologic classification of endometriomas. Implications for a mechanism of pathogenesis. J Reprod Med 1992;37(9):771–776.Google ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C, Seidman, DS. Classification of endometriosis. Improving the classification of endometriotic ovarian cysts. Hum Reprod 1994;9(12):2212–2213.10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138423CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nVercellini, P, Vendola, N, Bocciolone, L, et al. Reliability of the visual diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1991;56(6):1198–1200.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)54744-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCandiani, GB, Vercellini, P, Fedele, L. Laparoscopic ovarian puncture for correct staging of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1990;53(6):994–997.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)53573-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDemco, L. Mapping the source and character of pain due to endometriosis by patient-assisted laparoscopy. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 1998;5(3):241–245.10.1016/S1074-3804(98)80026-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPrystowsky, JB, Stryker, SJ, Ujiki, GT, Poticha, SM. Gastrointestinal endometriosis. Incidence and indications for resection. Arch Surg 1988;123(7):855–858.10.1001/archsurg.1988.01400310069011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CH, Nezhat, F, Roemisch, M, Seidman, DS, Nezhat, C. Laparoscopic trachelectomy for persistent pelvic pain and endometriosis after supracervical hysterectomy. Fertil Steril 1996;66(6):925–928.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58684-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSampson, JA. Perforating hemorrhagic (chocolate) cysts of the ovary. Arch Surg 1921;3:245.10.1001/archsurg.1921.01110080003001CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nBlaustein, A, Kantius, M, Kaganowicz, A, Pervez, N, Wells, J. Inclusions in ovaries of females aged day 1–30 years. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1982;1(2):145–153.10.1097/00004347-198202000-00003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nKerner, H, Gaton, E, Czernobilsky, B. Unusual ovarian, tubal and pelvic mesothelial inclusions in patients with endometriosis. Histopathology 1981;5(3):277–283.10.1111/j.1365-2559.1981.tb01786.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSternberg, S, ed. Histology for Pathologists. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1992.Google Scholar\nCzernobilsky, B, Morris, WJ. A histologic study of ovarian endometriosis with emphasis on hyperplastic and atypical changes. Obstet Gynecol 1979;53(3):318–323.Google ScholarPubMed\nNisolle-Pochet, M, Casanas-Roux, F, Donnez, J. Histologic study of ovarian endometriosis after hormonal therapy. Fertil Steril 1988;49(3):423–426.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)59766-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMartin, DC, Berry, J. D. Histology of chocolate cysts. J Gynecol Surg 1990;6:43.10.1089/gyn.1990.6.43CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nDonnez, J, Squifflet, J, Jadoul, P, et al. Fertility preservation in women with ovarian endometriosis. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012;4:1654–1662.10.2741/e487CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCatalano, GF, Marana, R, Caruana, P, Muzii, L, Mancuso, S. Laparoscopy versus microsurgery by laparotomy for excision of ovarian cysts in patients with moderate or severe endometriosis. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 1996;3(2):267–270.10.1016/S1074-3804(96)80011-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHemmings, R, Bissonnette, F, Bouzayen, R. Results of laparoscopic treatments of ovarian endometriomas: laparoscopic ovarian fenestration and coagulation. Fertil Steril 1998;70(3):527–529.10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00219-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHasson, HM. Laparoscopic management of ovarian cysts. J Reprod Med 1990;35(9):863–867.Google ScholarPubMed\nCarmona, F, Martinez-Zamora, MA, Rabanal, A, Martinez-Roman, S, Balasch, J. Ovarian cystectomy versus laser vaporization in the treatment of ovarian endometriomas: a randomized clinical trial with a five-year follow-up. Fertil Steril 2011;96(1):251–254.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.04.068CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBeretta, P, Franchi, M, Ghezzi, F, et al. Randomized clinical trial of two laparoscopic treatments of endometriomas: cystectomy versus drainage and coagulation. Fertil Steril. 1998;70(6):1176–1180.10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00385-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRoman, H, Auber, M, Mokdad, C, et al. Ovarian endometrioma ablation using plasma energy versus cystectomy: a step toward better preservation of the ovarian parenchyma in women wishing to conceive. Fertil Steril 2011;96(6):1396–1400.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.045CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nVercellini, P, Vendola, N, Bocciolone, L, et al. Laparoscopic aspiration of ovarian endometriomas. Effect with postoperative gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist treatment. J Reprod Med 1992;37(7):577–580.Google ScholarPubMed\nKeye, WR Jr, Hansen, LW, Astin, M, Poulson, AM Jr. Argon laser therapy of endometriosis: a review of 92 consecutive patients. Fertil Steril 1987;47(2):208–212.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)49992-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMarana, R, Luciano, AA, Muzii, L, et al. Reproductive outcome after ovarian surgery: suturing versus nonsuturing of the ovarian cortex. J Gynecol Surg 1991;7(3):155–158.10.1089/gyn.1991.7.155CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F. Postoperative adhesion formation after ovarian cystectomy with and without ovarian reconstruction. Paper presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the American Fertility Association; October 21–24, 1991, Orlando, FL, USA.Google Scholar\nDonnez, J, Nisolle, M. Laparoscopic management of large ovarian endometrial cyst: use of fibrin sealant. J Gynecol Surg 1991;7(3):163–166.10.1089/gyn.1991.7.163CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPellicano, M, Bramante, S, Guida, M, et al. Ovarian endometrioma: postoperative adhesions following bipolar coagulation and suture. Fertil Steril 2008;89(4):796–799.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.201CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChapron, C, Chopin, N, Borghese, B, et al. Deeply infiltrating endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomical distribution. Hum Reprod 2006;21(7):1839–1845.10.1093/humrep/del079CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nJerby, BL, Kessler, H, Falcone, T, Milsom, JW. Laparoscopic management of colorectal endometriosis. Surg Endosc 1999;13(11):1125–1128.10.1007/s004649901187CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRemorgida, V, Ferrero, S, Fulcheri, E, Ragni, N, Martin, DC. Bowel endometriosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2007;62(7):461–470.10.1097/01.ogx.0000268688.55653.5cCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CH, Malik, S, Osias, J, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C. Laparoscopic management of 15 patients with infiltrating endometriosis of the bladder and a case of primary intravesical endometrioid adenosarcoma. Fertil Steril 2002;78(4):872–875.10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03332-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nNezhat C, Hussein A, Hilaris GE, Sellin M. Thoracic endometriosis syndrome. World Clin Obstet Gynecol 2011;1(2):228–238.Google Scholar\nNezhat, C, Li, A, Falik, R, et al. Bowel endometriosis: diagnosis and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;218(6):549–562.10.1016/j.ajog.2017.09.023CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nJatan, AK, Solomon, MJ, Young, J, Cooper, M, Pathma-Nathan, N. Laparoscopic management of rectal endometriosis. Dis Colon Rectum 2006;49(2):169–174.10.1007/s10350-005-0264-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, F, Nezhat, C, Pennington, E, Ambroze, W Jr. Laparoscopic segmental resection for infiltrating endometriosis of the rectosigmoid colon: a preliminary report. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1992;2(3):212–221.Google Scholar\nNezhat, F, Nezhat, C, Pennington, E. Laparoscopic proctectomy for infiltrating endometriosis of the rectum. Fertil Steril 1992;57(5):1129–1132.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55039-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F, Pennington, E. Laparoscopic treatment of infiltrative rectosigmoid colon and rectovaginal septum endometriosis by the technique of videolaparoscopy and the CO2 laser. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1992;99(8):664–667.10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13851.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRozsnyai, F, Roman, H, Resch, B, et al. Outcomes of surgical management of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the ureter and urinary bladder. JSLS 2011;15(4):439–447.10.4293/108680811X13176785203798CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nStanley, KE Jr, Utz, DC, Dockerty, MB. Clinically significant endometriosis of the urinary tract. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1965;120:491–498.Google ScholarPubMed\nYoung, S, Burns, MK, DiFrancesco, L, Nezhat, A, Nezhat, C. Diagnostic and treatment guidelines for gastrointestinal and genitourinary endometriosis. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2017;18(4):200–209.10.4274/jtgga.2017.0143CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, CH, et al. Urinary tract endometriosis treated by laparoscopy. Fertil Steril 1996;66(6):920–924.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58683-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBosev, D, Nicoll, LM, Bhagan, L, et al. Laparoscopic management of ureteral endometriosis: the Stanford University hospital experience with 96 consecutive cases. J Urol 2009;182(6):2748–2752.10.1016/j.juro.2009.08.019CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nChapron, C, Chiodo, I, Leconte, M, et al. Severe ureteral endometriosis: the intrinsic type is not so rare after complete surgical exeresis of deep endometriotic lesions. Fertil Steril 2010;93(7):2115–2120.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.102CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nDonnez, J, Nisolle, M, Squifflet, J. Ureteral endometriosis: a complication of rectovaginal endometriotic (adenomyotic) nodules. Fertil Steril 2002;77(1):32–37.10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02921-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nGagnon, RF, Arsenault, D, Pichette, V, Tanguay, S. Acute renal failure in a young woman with endometriosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001;16(7):1499–1502.10.1093/ndt/16.7.1499CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nKlein, RS, Cattolica, EV. Ureteral endometriosis. Urology 1979;13(5):477–482.10.1016/0090-4295(79)90451-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nKerr, WS, Jr. Endometriosis involving the urinary tract. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1966;9(2):331–357.10.1097/00003081-196606000-00005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nYohannes, P. Ureteral endometriosis. J Urol 2003;170(1):20–25.10.1097/01.ju.0000054836.32660.9eCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nZanetta, G, Webb, MJ, Segura, JW. Ureteral endometriosis diagnosed at ureteroscopy. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91(5 Pt 2):857–859.Google ScholarPubMed\nHorn, LC, Do Minh, M, Stolzenburg, JU. Intrinsic form of ureteral endometriosis causing ureteral obstruction and partial loss of kidney function. Urol Int 2004;73(2):181–184.10.1159/000079702CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nKavoussi, LR, Clayman, RV, Brunt, LM, Soper, NJ. Laparoscopic ureterolysis. J Urol 1992;147(2):426–429.10.1016/S0022-5347(17)37257-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nLoison, G, Almeras, C, Chartier-Kastler, E. [Ureterolysis: technique, indications]. Ann Urol (Paris) 2005;39(1):1–9.10.1016/j.anuro.2004.12.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nWatanabe, Y, Ozawa, H, Uematsu, K, et al. Hydronephrosis due to ureteral endometriosis treated by transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolysis. Int J Urol 2004;11(7):560–562.10.1111/j.1442-2042.2004.00828.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F. Laparoscopic repair of ureter resected during operative laparoscopy. Obstet Gynecol 1992;80(3 Pt 2):543–544.Google ScholarPubMed\nAntonelli, A, Simeone, C, Frego, E, et al. Surgical treatment of ureteral obstruction from endometriosis: our experience with thirteen cases. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2004;15(6):407–412; discussion 412.10.1007/s00192-004-1171-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCastillo, OA, Litvak, JP, Kerkebe, M, Olivares, R, Urena, RD. Early experience with the laparoscopic Boari flap at a single institution. J Urol 2005;173(3):862–865.10.1097/01.ju.0000152157.25984.aeCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CH, Nezhat, FR, Freiha, F, Nezhat, CR. Laparoscopic vesicopsoas hitch for infiltrative ureteral endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1999;71(2):376–379.10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00429-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CH, Malik, S, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C. Laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy and vesicopsoas hitch for infiltrative endometriosis. JSLS 2004;8(1):3–7.Google ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CR, Nezhat, F, Admon, D, Seidman, D, Nezhat, CH. Laparoscopic management of genitourinary endometriosis. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 1994;1(4, Part 2):S25.Google ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, FR. Ureteral injuries at laparoscopy: insights into diagnosis, management, and prevention. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76(5 Pt 1):889–890.Google ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CR, Nezhat, FR. Laparoscopic segmental bladder resection for endometriosis: a report of two cases. Obstet Gynecol 1993;81(5 (Pt 2)):882–884.Google ScholarPubMed\nAbeshouse, BS, Abeshouse, G. Endometriosis of the urinary tract: a review of the literature and a report of four cases of vesical endometriosis. J Int Coll Surg 1960;34:43–63.Google Scholar\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F, Green, B. Laparoscopic treatment of obstructed ureter due to endometriosis by resection and ureteroureterostomy: a case report. J Urol 1992;148(3):865–868.10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36747-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nParker, WH, Nezhat, F, Canis, M. Laparoscopic ovarian surgery. Panel discussion at the 21st annual meeting of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL). September 25, 1992. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 1993;1(1):78–84.10.1016/S1074-3804(05)80765-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nStillwell, TJ, Kramer, SA, Lee, RA. Endometriosis of ureter. Urology 1986;28(2):81–85.10.1016/0090-4295(86)90092-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nGoldstein, MS, Brodman, ML. Cystometric evaluation of vesical endometriosis before and after hormonal or surgical treatment. Mt Sinai J Med 1990;57(2):109–111.Google ScholarPubMed\nComiter, CV. Endometriosis of the urinary tract. Urol Clin North Am 2002;29(3):625–635.10.1016/S0094-0143(02)00065-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nFerzli, G, Wenof, M, Giannakakos, A, Raboy, A, Albert, P. Laparoscopic partial for vesical endometrioma. J Laparoendosc Surg 1993;3(2):161–165.10.1089/lps.1993.3.161CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CH, Seidman, DS, Nezhat, F, Rottenberg, H, Nezhat, C. Laparoscopic management of intentional and unintentional cystotomy. J Urol 1996;156(4):1400–1402.10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65600-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSampson, JA. Intestinal adenomas of endometrial type. Arch Surg 1922;5:217.10.1001/archsurg.1922.01110140003001CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nJenkinson, EL, Brown, WH. Endometriosis: a study of 117 cases with special reference to constricting lesions of the rectum and sigmoid colon. JAMA 1943;122:349.10.1001/jama.1943.02840230001001CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nSamper, ER, Slagle, GW, Hand, AM. Colonic endometriosis: its clinical spectrum. South Med J 1984;77(7):912–914.10.1097/00007611-198407000-00029CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPonka, JL, Brush, BE, Hodgkinson, CP. Colorectal endometriosis. Dis Colon Rectum 1973;16(6):490–499.10.1007/BF02588876CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMeyers, WC, Kelvin, FM, Jones, RS. Diagnosis and surgical treatment of colonic endometriosis. Arch Surg 1979;114(2):169–175.10.1001/archsurg.1979.01370260059009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDe Almeida, A, Fernandes, LF, Averbach, M, Abrao, MS. Disc resection is the first option in the management of rectal endometriosis for unifocal lesions with less than 3 centimeters of longitudinal diameter. Surg Technol Int 2014;24:243–248.Google Scholar\nHaggag, H, Solomayer, E, Juhasz-Boss, I. The treatment of rectal endometriosis and the role of laparoscopic surgery. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2011;23(4):278–382.10.1097/GCO.0b013e328348a25bCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Pennington, E, Nezhat, F, Silfen, SL. Laparoscopically assisted anterior rectal wall resection and reanastomosis for deeply infiltrating endometriosis. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1991;1(2):106–108.10.1097/00129689-199106000-00011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCameron, IC, Rogers, S, Collins, MC, Reed, MW. Intestinal endometriosis: presentation, investigation, and surgical management. Int J Colorectal Dis 1995;10(2):83–86.10.1007/BF00341202CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRedwine, DB. Ovarian endometriosis: a marker for more extensive pelvic and intestinal disease. Fertil Steril 1999;72(2):310–315.10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00211-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBerker, B, Lashay, N, Davarpanah, R, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy in patients with endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005;12(3):206–209.10.1016/j.jmig.2005.03.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHarris, RS, Foster, WG, Surrey, MW, Agarwal, SK. Appendiceal disease in women with endometriosis and right lower quadrant pain. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2001;8(4):536–541.10.1016/S1074-3804(05)60617-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAbrao, MS, Goncalves, MO, Dias, JA Jr, et al. Comparison between clinical examination, transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of deep endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2007;22(12):3092–3097.10.1093/humrep/dem187CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChamie, LP, Pereira, RM, Zanatta, A, Serafini, PC. Transvaginal US after bowel preparation for deeply infiltrating endometriosis: protocol, imaging appearances, and laparoscopic correlation. Radiographics 2010;30(5):1235–1249.10.1148/rg.305095221CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBallester, M, Santulli, P, Bazot, M, et al. Preoperative evaluation of posterior deep-infiltrating endometriosis demonstrates a relationship with urinary dysfunction and parametrial involvement. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011;18(1):36–42.10.1016/j.jmig.2010.08.692CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nKondo, W, Zomer, M, Riberio, R, et al. Laparoscopic treatment of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the intestine – technical aspects. Braz J Video-Sur 2012;5(2):023–039.Google Scholar\nHudelist, G, Ballard, K, English, J, et al. Transvaginal sonography vs. clinical examination in the preoperative diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011;37(4):480–487.10.1002/uog.8935CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPellegrino, A, Damiani, GR, Trio, C, et al. Robotic shaving technique in 25 patients affected by deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectovaginal space. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015;22(7):1287–1292.10.1016/j.jmig.2015.06.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nWoods, RJ, Heriot, AG, Chen, FC. Anterior rectal wall excision for endometriosis using the circular stapler. ANZ J Surg 2003;73(8):647–648.10.1046/j.1445-2197.2003.02706.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChapron, C, Fauconnier, A, Dubuisson, JB, et al. Deep infiltrating endometriosis: relation between severity of dysmenorrhoea and extent of disease. Hum Reprod 2003;18(4):760–766.10.1093/humrep/deg152CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChapron, C, Barakat, H, Fritel, X, et al. Presurgical diagnosis of posterior deep infiltrating endometriosis based on a standardized questionnaire. Hum Reprod 2005;20(2):507–513.10.1093/humrep/deh627CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nEmmanuel, KR, Davis, C. Outcomes and treatment options in rectovaginal endometriosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2005;17(4):399–402.10.1097/01.gco.0000175358.33555.abCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSharpe, DR, Redwine, DB. Laparoscopic segmental resection of the sigmoid and rectosigmoid colon for endometriosis. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1992;2(2):120–124.10.1097/00129689-199206000-00006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRedwine, DB, Koning, M, Sharpe, DR. Laparoscopically assisted transvaginal segmental resection of the rectosigmoid colon for endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1996;65(1):193–197.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58051-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F, Pennington, E, Nezhat, CH, Ambroze, W. Laparoscopic disk excision and primary repair of the anterior rectal wall for the treatment of full-thickness bowel endometriosis. Surg Endosc 1994;8(6):682–685.10.1007/BF00678566CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F, Ambroze, W, Pennington, E. Laparoscopic repair of small bowel and colon. A report of 26 cases. Surg Endosc 1993;7(2):88–89.10.1007/BF00704384CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nNezhat, C, de Fazio, A, Nicholson, T, Nezhat, C. Intraoperative sigmoidoscopy in gynecologic surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005;12(5):391–395.10.1016/j.jmig.2005.03.023CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Seidman, D, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C. The role of intraoperative proctosigmoidoscopy in laparoscopic pelvic surgery. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2004;11(1):47–49.10.1016/S1074-3804(05)60009-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nFedele, L, Bianchi, S, Portuese, A, Borruto, F, Dorta, M. Transrectal ultrasonography in the assessment of rectovaginal endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91(3):444–448.10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00688-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChapron, C, Dumontier, I, Dousset, B, et al. Results and role of rectal endoscopic ultrasonography for patients with deep pelvic endometriosis. Hum Reprod 1998;13(8):2266–2270.10.1093/humrep/13.8.2266CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPiketty, M, Chopin, N, Dousset, B, et al. Preoperative work-up for patients with deeply infiltrating endometriosis: transvaginal ultrasonography must definitely be the first-line imaging examination. Hum Reprod 2009;24(3):602–607.10.1093/humrep/den405CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDonnez, J, Nisolle, M, Gillerot, S, et al. Rectovaginal septum adenomyotic nodules: a series of 500 cases. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104(9):1014–1018.10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb12059.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMartin, DC. Laparoscopic and vaginal colpotomy for the excision of infiltrating cul-de-sac endometriosis. J Reprod Med 1988;33(10):806–808.Google ScholarPubMed\nRedwine, DB. Laparoscopic en bloc resection for treatment of the obliterated cul-de-sac in endometriosis. J Reprod Med 1992;37(8):695–698.Google ScholarPubMed\nDonnez, J, Nisolle, M, Smoes, P, et al. Peritoneal endometriosis and “endometriotic” nodules of the rectovaginal septum are two different entities. Fertil Steril 1996;66(3):362–368.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58501-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nFinkel, L, Marchevsky, A, Cohen, B. Endometrial cyst of the liver. Am J Gastroenterol 1986;81(7):576–578.Google ScholarPubMed\nRoesch-Dietlen, F, Jimenez-Garcia, A, Perez-Morales, A, et al. Hepatic endometriosis. Ann Hepatol 2011;10(3):347–348.10.1016/S1665-2681(19)31548-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Kazerooni, T, Berker, B, et al. Laparoscopic management of hepatic endometriosis: report of two cases and review of the literature. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005;12(3):196–200.10.1016/j.jmig.2005.03.015CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nJoseph, J, Sahn, SA. Thoracic endometriosis syndrome: new observations from an analysis of 110 cases. Am J Med 1996;100(2):164–170.10.1016/S0002-9343(97)89454-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Main, J, Paka, C, Nezhat, A, Beygui, RE. Multidisciplinary treatment for thoracic and abdominopelvic endometriosis. JSLS 2014;18(3).10.4293/JSLS.2014.00312CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nicoll, LM, Bhagan, L, et al. Endometriosis of the diaphragm: four cases treated with a combination of laparoscopy and thoracoscopy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2009;16(5):573–580.10.1016/j.jmig.2009.06.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Seidman, DS, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C. Laparoscopic surgical management of diaphragmatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1998;69(6):1048–1055.10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00056-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAdamson, D. Surgical management of endometriosis. Semin Reprod Med 2003;21(2):223–234.Google ScholarPubMed\nSutton, CJ, Ewen, SP, Whitelaw, N, Haines, P. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of laser laparoscopy in the treatment of pelvic pain associated with minimal, mild, and moderate endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1994;62(4):696–700.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)56990-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAbbott, J, Hawe, J, Hunter, D, et al. Laparoscopic excision of endometriosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2004;82(4):878–984.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.03.046CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nZullo, F, Palomba, S, Zupi, E, et al. Long-term effectiveness of presacral neurectomy for the treatment of severe dysmenorrhea due to endometriosis. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2004;11(1):23–28.10.1016/S1074-3804(05)60005-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CH, Seidman, DS, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C. Are the long-term adverse effects of laparoscopic presacral neurectomy for the management of central pain associated with endometriosis acceptable? Prim Care Update Ob Gyns 1998;5(4):197.10.1016/S1068-607X(98)00129-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Morozov, V. Robot-assisted laparoscopic presacral neurectomy: feasibility, techniques, and operative outcomes. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2010;17(4):508–512.10.1016/j.jmig.2010.03.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDaniels, JP, Middleton, L, Xiong, T, et al. Individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized evidence to assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic uterosacral nerve ablation in chronic pelvic pain. Hum Reprod Update 2010;16(6):568–576.10.1093/humupd/dmq031CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nEl-Din Shawki, H. The efficacy of laparoscopic uterosacral nerve ablation (LUNA) in the treatment of unexplained chronic pelvic pain: a randomized controlled trial. Gynecol Surg 2011;8(1):31–39.10.1007/s10397-010-0612-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChang, FH, Chou, HH, Soong, YK, et al. Efficacy of isotopic 13CO2 laser laparoscopic evaporation in the treatment of infertile patients with minimal and mild endometriosis: a life table cumulative pregnancy rates study. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 1997;4(2):219–223.10.1016/S1074-3804(97)80013-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHughes, EG, Fedorkow, DM, Collins, JA. A quantitative overview of controlled trials in endometriosis-associated infertility. Fertil Steril 1993;59(5):963–970.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55911-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nParazzini, F. Ablation of lesions or no treatment in minimal-mild endometriosis in infertile women: a randomized trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dell’Endometriosi. Hum Reprod 1999;14(5):1332–1334.Google ScholarPubMed\nBuyalos, RP, Agarwal, SK. Endometriosis-associated infertility. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2000;12(5):377–381.10.1097/00001703-200010000-00006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nWinkel, CA. Evaluation and management of women with endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 2003;102(2):397–408.Google ScholarPubMed\nDonnez, J, Nisolle, M, Gillet, N, et al. Large ovarian endometriomas. Hum Reprod 1996;11(3):641–646.10.1093/HUMREP/11.3.641CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAboulghar, MA, Mansour, RT, Serour, GI, Al-Inany, HG, Aboulghar, MM. The outcome of in vitro fertilization in advanced endometriosis with previous surgery: a case-controlled study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188(2):371–375.10.1067/mob.2003.13CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNargund, G, Cheng, WC, Parsons, J. The impact of ovarian cystectomy on ovarian response to stimulation during in-vitro fertilization cycles. Hum Reprod 1996;11(1):81–83.10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019043CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHo, HY, Lee, RK, Hwu, YM, et al. Poor response of ovaries with endometrioma previously treated with cystectomy to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2002;19(11):507–511.10.1023/A:1020970417778CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSomigliana, E, Ragni, G, Benedetti, F, et al. Does laparoscopic excision of endometriotic ovarian cysts significantly affect ovarian reserve? Insights from IVF cycles. Hum Reprod 2003;18(11):2450–2463.10.1093/humrep/deg432CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDonnez, J, Wyns, C, Nisolle, M. Does ovarian surgery for endometriomas impair the ovarian response to gonadotropin? Fertil Steril 2001;76(4):662–665.10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02011-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nLoh, FH, Tan, AT, Kumar, J, Ng, SC. Ovarian response after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for endometriotic cysts in 132 monitored cycles. Fertil Steril 1999;72(2):316–321.10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00207-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMuzii, L, Bianchi, A, Croce, C, Manci, N, Panici, PB. Laparoscopic excision of ovarian cysts: is the stripping technique a tissue-sparing procedure? Fertil Steril 2002;77(3):609–614.10.1016/S0015-0282(01)03203-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nKitajima, M, Defrere, S, Dolmans, MM, et al. Endometriomas as a possible cause of reduced ovarian reserve in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2011;96(3):685–691.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.06.064CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPapaleo, E, Ottolina, J, Vigano, P, et al. Deep pelvic endometriosis negatively affects ovarian reserve and the number of oocytes retrieved for in vitro fertilization. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2011;90(8):878–884.10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01161.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBarnhart, K, Dunsmoor-Su, R, Coutifaris, C. Effect of endometriosis on in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2002;77(6):1148–1155.10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03112-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBurney, RO, Nezhat, CR. Infertility treatment: the viability of the laparoscopic view. Fertil Steril 2008;89(2):461–464.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.029CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPractice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive M. Endometriosis and infertility. Fertil Steril 2004;81(5):1441–1446.Google Scholar\nDechanet, C, Rihaoui, S, Reyftmann, L, et al. [Endometriosis and fertility: results after surgery and assisted reproductive technology (ART)]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2011;39(1):3–7.10.1016/j.gyobfe.2010.08.018CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nOlive, DL, Henderson, DY. Endometriosis and mullerian anomalies. Obstet Gynecol 1987;69(3 Pt 1):412–415.Google ScholarPubMed\nSeracchioli, R, Mabrouk, M, Manuzzi, L, et al. Post-operative use of oral contraceptive pills for prevention of anatomical relapse or symptom-recurrence after conservative surgery for endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2009;24(11):2729–2735.10.1093/humrep/dep259CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNoble, LS, Simpson, ER, Johns, A, Bulun, SE. Aromatase expression in endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(1):174–179.Google ScholarPubMed\nNothnick, WB. The emerging use of aromatase inhibitors for endometriosis treatment. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011;9:87.10.1186/1477-7827-9-87CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSoysal, S, Soysal, ME, Ozer, S, Gul, N, Gezgin, T. The effects of post-surgical administration of goserelin plus anastrozole compared to goserelin alone in patients with severe endometriosis: a prospective randomized trial. Hum Reprod 2004;19(1):160–167.10.1093/humrep/deh035CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nFerrero, S, Camerini, G, Seracchioli, R, et al. Letrozole combined with norethisterone acetate compared with norethisterone acetate alone in the treatment of pain symptoms caused by endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2009;24(12):3033–3041.10.1093/humrep/dep302CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSignorile, PG, Baldi, A. Endometriosis: new concepts in the pathogenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010;42(6):778–780.10.1016/j.biocel.2010.03.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNap, AW, Groothuis, PG, Demir, AY, Evers, JL, Dunselman, GA. Pathogenesis of endometriosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2004;18(2):233–244.10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.01.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSasson, IE, Taylor, HS. Stem cells and the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci.2008;1127:106–115.10.1196/annals.1434.014CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nClauw, DJ, Chrousos, GP. Chronic pain and fatigue syndromes: overlapping clinical and neuroendocrine features and potential pathogenic mechanisms. Neuroimmunomodulation 1997;4(3):134–153.10.1159/000097332CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nStein, K, Ascher-Walsh, C. A comprehensive approach to the treatment of uterine leiomyomata. Mt Sinai J Med 2009;76(6):546–556.10.1002/msj.20145CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nNezhat, C, Li, A, Abed, S, et al. Strong association between endometriosis and symptomatic leiomyomas. JSLS 2016;20:pii: e2016.00053.10.4293/JSLS.2016.00053CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSignorile, PG, Baldi, F, Bussani, R, et al. Embryologic origin of endometriosis: analysis of 101 human female fetuses. J Cell Physiol 2012;227(4):1653–1656.10.1002/jcp.22888CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAl-Fozan, H. and Tulandi, T. (2003). Left lateral predisposition of endometriosis and endometrioma. Obstet Gynecol 101(1): 164–166.Google ScholarPubMed\nAntonelli, A. (2012). Urinary tract endometriosis. Urologia 79(3): 167–170.10.5301/RU.2012.9683CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAzioni, G., Scala, A., Bracala, U., et al. (2010). Laparoscopic ureteroneocytostomy and vesicopsoas hitch for infiltrative ureteral endometriosis. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol 19: 292–297.10.3109/13645706.2010.507345CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nBerlanda, N., Somigliana, E., Frattarulo, M. P., Buggio, L. and Dridi DVercellini, P. (2016). Surgery versus hormonal therapy for deep endometriosis: is it a choice of the physician? Eur J Obstet Gyneocol Reprod Biol 209: 67–71.10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.07.513CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBosev, D., Nicoll, L. M., Bhagan, L., et al. (2009). Laparoscopic management of ureteral endometriosis: the Stanford University hospital experience with 96 consecutive cases. J Urol 182(6): 2748–2752.10.1016/j.juro.2009.08.019CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nBourdel, N., Cognet, S., Canis, M., et al. (2015). Laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy: be prepared! J Minim Invasive Gynecol 22(5): 827–833.10.1016/j.jmig.2015.03.019CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBuka, N. J. (1988). Vesical endometriosis after cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol 158(5): 1117–1118.10.1016/0002-9378(88)90232-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBurney, R. O. and Giudice, L. C. (2012). Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 98(3): 511–519.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.06.029CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBurney, R. O., Giudice, L. C (2013). The pathogenesis of endometriosis. In Nezhat, C., Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C, eds. Nezhat’s Video-Assisted and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy, 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 252–258.Google Scholar\nCamanni, M., Bonino, L., Delpiano, E. M., et al. (2009). Laparoscopic conservative management of ureteral endometriosis: a survey of eighty patients submitted to ureterolysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 7: 109.10.1186/1477-7827-7-109CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCavaco-Gomes, J., Martinho, M., Gilabert-Aguilar, J. and Gilabert-Estélles, J. (2017). Laparoscopic management of ureteral endometriosis: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 210: 94–101.10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.12.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChapron, C., Bourret, A., Chopin, N., et al. (2010). Surgery for bladder endometriosis: long-term results and concomitant management of associated posterior deep lesions. Hum Reprod 25(4): 884–889.10.1093/humrep/deq017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nComiter, C. V. (2002). Endometriosis of the urinary tract. Urol Clin North Am 29(3): 625–635.10.1016/S0094-0143(02)00065-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCornell, K. K. (2000). Cystotomy, partial cystectomy, and tube cystostomy. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 15(1): 11–16.10.1053/svms.2000.7300CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDe Cicco, C., Ussia, A. and Koninckx, P. R. (2011). Laparoscopic ureteral repair in gynaecological surgery. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 23(4): 296–300.10.1097/GCO.0b013e328348a29aCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nFadhlaoui, A., Gillon, T., Lebbi, I., Bouquet de Jolinière, J and Feki, A. (2015). Endometriosis and vesico-sphincteral disorders. Front Surg 2: 23.10.3389/fsurg.2015.00023CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nGuerriero, S., Condous, G., van den Bosch, T., et al. (2016). Systematic approach to sonographic evaluation of the pelvis in women with suspected endometriosis, including terms, definitions and measurements: a consensus opinion from the International Deep Endometriosis Analysis (IDEA) group. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 48(3): 318–332.10.1002/uog.15955CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nGustilo-Ashby, A. M. and Paraiso, M. F. (2006). Treatment of urinary tract endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 13(6): 559–565.10.1016/j.jmig.2006.07.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHalme, J., Hammond, M. G., Hulka, J. F., Raj, S. G. and Talbert, L. M. (1984). Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 64(2): 151–154.Google ScholarPubMed\nHastings, J. C., Van Winkle, W., Barker, E., Hines, D. and Nichols, W. (1975). The effect of suture materials on healing wounds of the bladder. Surg Gynecol Obstet 140(6): 933–937.Google ScholarPubMed\nIosca, S., Lumia, D., Bracchi, E., et al. (2013). Multislice computered tomography with colon water distention (MSCT-c) in the study of intestinal and ureteral endometriosis. Clin Imaging 209(6): 1061–1068.10.1016/j.clinimag.2013.07.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nIsac, W. K., J., Altunrende, F. R., E., R. H. Autorino, S. and Laydner, H. (2013). Robotic-assisted ureteroneocytostomy: techniques and comparative outcomes. J. Endourol 27: 318–323.10.1089/end.2012.0196CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nKnabben, L., Imboden, S., Fellmann, B., et al. (2015). Urinary tract endometriosis in patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis: prevalence, symptoms, management, and proposal for a new clinical classification. Fertil Steril 103(1): 147–152.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.09.028CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nKolodziej, A., Krajewski, W., Dolowy, L. and Hirnle, L. (2015). Urinary tract endometriosis. Urol J 12(4): 2213–2217.Google ScholarPubMed\nLebovic, D. I., Mueller, M. D. and Taylor, R. N. (2001). Immunobiology of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 75(1): 1–10.10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01630-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMedeiros, L. R., Rosa, M. I., Silva, B. R., et al. (2015). Accuracy of magnetic resonance in deeply infiltrating endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 291(3): 611–621.10.1007/s00404-014-3470-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C., Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C, eds. (2013). Nezhat’s Video-Assisted and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy, 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar\nNezhat, C., Crowgey, S. R. and Garrison, C. P. (1986). Surgical treatment of endometriosis via laser laparoscopy. Fertil Steril 45(6): 778–783.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)49392-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C., Falik, R., McKinney, S. and King, L. (2017). Pathophysiology and management of urinary tract endometriosis. Nat Rev Urol 14: 359–372.10.1038/nrurol.2017.58CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C., Hajhosseini, B. and King, L. P. (2011). Robotic-assisted laparoscopic treatment of bowel, bladder, and ureteral endometriosis. JSLS 15(3): 387–392.10.4293/108680811X13125733356396CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C., Lewis, M., Kotikela, S., et al. (2010). Robotic versus standard laparoscopy for the treatment of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 94(7): 2758–2760.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.04.031CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C., Modest, A. M. and King, L. P. (2013). The role of the robot in treating urinary tract endometriosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 25(4): 308–311.10.1097/GCO.0b013e3283630dfcCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C. and Nezhat, F. (1992). Laparoscopic repair of ureter resected during operative laparoscopy. Obstet Gynecol 80(3 Pt 2): 543–544.Google ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C., Nezhat, F. and Green, B. (1992). Laparoscopic treatment of obstructed ureter due to endometriosis by resection and ureteroureterostomy: a case report. J Urol 148(3): 865–868.10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36747-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C., Nezhat, F. and Nezhat, C (2012). Endometriosis: ancient disease, ancient treatments. Fertil Steril 98(6 Suppl): S1–62.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.08.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C., Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C. H, et al. (1996). Urinary tract endometriosis treated by laparoscopy. Fertil Steril 66(6): 920–924.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58683-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C. and Nezhat, F. R. (1989). Safe laser endoscopic excision or vaporization of peritoneal endometriosis. Fertil Steril 52(1): 149–151.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)60805-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C., Paka, C., Gomaa, M. and Schipper, E. (2012). Silent loss of kidney secondary to ureteral endometriosis. JSLS 16(3): 451–455.10.4293/108680812X13462882736213CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nNezhat, C., Winer, W. and Nezhat, F. A. (2009). Comparison of the CO2, argon, and KTP/532 lasers in the videolaseroscopic treatment of endometriosis. J. Gynecol. Surg 4: 41–47.10.1089/gyn.1988.4.41CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nNezhat, C. H., Malik, S., Nezhat, F. and Nezhat, C. (2004). Laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy and vesicopsoas hitch for infiltrative endometriosis. JSLS 8(1): 3–7.Google ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C. H., Malik, S., Osias, J., Nezhat, F. and Nezhat, C (2002). Laparoscopic management of 15 patients with infiltrating endometriosis of the bladder and a case of primary intravesical endometrioid adenosarcoma. Fertil Steril 78(4): 872–875.10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03332-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nNezhat, C. H., Nezhat, F., Seidman, D. and Nezhat, C (1998). Laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy: a prospective follow-up of 9 patients. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns 5(4): 200.10.1016/S1068-607X(98)00136-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C. H., Nezhat, F. R., Freiha, F. and Nezhat, C. R. (1999). Laparoscopic vesicopsoas hitch for infiltrative ureteral endometriosis. Fertil Steril 71(2): 376–379.10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00429-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C. R. and Nezhat, F. R. (1993). Laparoscopic segmental bladder resection for endometriosis: a report of two cases. Obstet Gynecol 81(5 (Pt 2)): 882–884.Google ScholarPubMed\nNisenblat, V., Bossuyt, P. M., Farquhar, C., Johnson, N. and Hull, M. L. (2016). Imaging modalities for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2: CD009591.Google ScholarPubMed\nPateman, K., Mavrelos, D., Hoo, W. L., et al. (2013). Visualization of ureters on standard gynecological transvaginal scan: a feasibility study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 41(6): 696–701.10.1002/uog.12468CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPrice, D. T., Maloney, K. E., Ibrahim, G. K., et al. (1996). Vesical endometriosis: report of two cases and review of the literature. Urology 48(4): 639–643.10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00224-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSampson, J. (1927). Peritoneal endometriosis due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 14: 422.10.1016/S0002-9378(15)30003-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar\nSanfilippo, J. S., Wakim, N. G., Schikler, K. N. and Yussman, M. A. (1986). Endometriosis in association with uterine anomaly. Am J Obstet Gynecol 154(1): 39–43.10.1016/0002-9378(86)90389-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nScioscia, M., Molon, A., Grosso, G. and Minelii, L. (2009). Laparoscopic management of ureteral endometriosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 21: 325–328.10.1097/GCO.0b013e32832e0798CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nShook, T. E. and Nyberg, L. M. (1988). Endometriosis of the urinary tract. Urology 31(1): 1–6.10.1016/0090-4295(88)90560-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSidell, N., Han, S. W. and Parthasarathy, S. (2002). Regulation and modulation of abnormal immune responses in endometriosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 955: 159–173; discussion 199–200, 396–406.10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02777.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSillou, S., Poirée, S., Millischer, A. E., Chapron, C. and Hélénon, O. (2015). Urinary endometriosis: MR imaging appearance with surgical and histological correlations. Diagn Interv Imaging 96(4): 373–381.10.1016/j.diii.2014.11.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSinaii, N., Cleary, S. D., Ballweg, M. L., Nieman, L. K. and Stratton, P. (2002). High rates of autoimmune and endocrine disorders, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and atopic diseases among women with endometriosis: a survey analysis. Hum Reprod 17(10): 2715–2724.10.1093/humrep/17.10.2715CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSourial, S., Tempest, N. and Hapangama, D. K. (2014). Theories on the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Int J Reprod Med 2014: 179515.10.1155/2014/179515CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nStepniewska, A., Grosso, G., Molon, A., et al. (2011). Ureteral endometriosis: clinical and radiological follow-up after laparoscopic ureterocystoneostomy. Hum Reprod 26(1): 112–116.10.1093/humrep/deq293CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nUccella, S., Cromi, A., Casarin, J., et al. (2014). Laparoscopy for ureteral endometriosis: surgical details, long-term follow-up, and fertility outcomes. Fertil Steril 102(1): 160–166.e162.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.03.055CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nVeeraswamy, A., Lewis, M., Mann, A., et al. (2010). Extragenital endometriosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 53(2): 449–466.10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181e0ea6eCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nVercellini, P., Chapron, C., Fedele, L., et al. (2004). Evidence for asymmetric distribution of lower intestinal tract endometriosis. BJOG 111(11): 1213–1217.10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00453.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nVercellini, P., Chapron, C., Fedele, L., et al. (2004). Evidence for asymmetric distribution of lower intestinal tract endometriosis. BJOG 111(11): 1213–1217.10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00453.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nEmmanuel, KR, Davis, C. Outcomes and treatment options in rectovaginal endometriosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2005;17:399–402.10.1097/01.gco.0000175358.33555.abCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChapron, C, Chopin, N, Borghese, B, et al. Deeply infiltrating endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomical distribution. Hum Reprod 2006 Jul;21(7):1839–1845.10.1093/humrep/del079CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nJerby, BL, Kessler, H, Falcone, T, Milsom, JW. Laparoscopic management of colorectal endometriosis. Surg Endosc 1999;13:1125–1128.10.1007/s004649901187CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRemorgida, V, Ferrero, S, Fulcheri, E, Ragni, N, Martin, DC. Bowel endometriosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2007;62:461–470.10.1097/01.ogx.0000268688.55653.5cCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNehzat, CH, Malik, S, Osias, J, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C. Laparoscopic management of 15 patients with infiltrating endometriosis of the bladder and a case of primary intravesical endometrioid adenosarcoma. Fertil Steril 2002;78:872–875.Google Scholar\nNezhat, CR, Nezhat, F, Admon, D, Seidman, D, Nezhat, CH. Laparoscopic management of genitourinary endometriosis. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 1994;1(4, part 2):S25.10.1016/S1074-3804(05)80950-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nShaw, RW. Treatment of endometriosis. Lancet 1992;340:1267–1271.10.1016/0140-6736(92)92960-NCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F. Operative laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery): state of the art. J Gynecol Surg 1992;8(3):111–141.10.1089/gyn.1992.8.111CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, FR. Safe laser endoscopic excision or vaporization of peritoneal endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1989;52(1):149–151.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)60805-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Crowgey, S, Nezhat, F. Video laseroscopy for the treatment of endometriosis associated with infertility. Fertil Steril 1989;51(2):237–240.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)60483-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nSiesto, G, Ieda, N, Rosati, R, Vitobello, D. Robotic surgery for deep endometriosis: a paradigm shift. Int J Med Robot 2014 Jun;10(2):140–146.10.1002/rcs.1518CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CR, Stevens, A, Balassiano, E, Soliemannjad, R. Robotic-assisted laparoscopy vs conventional laparoscopy for the treatment of advanced stage endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015 Jan;22(1):40–44.10.1016/j.jmig.2014.06.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nStylopoulos, N, Rattner, D. Robotics and ergonomics. Surg Clin North Am 2003;83:1321–1337.10.1016/S0039-6109(03)00161-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Lavie, O, Lemyre, M, et al. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in gynecology: scientific dream or reality? Fertil Steril 2009;91:2620–2622.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.03.070CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChopin, N, Vieira, M, Borghese, B, et al. Operative management of deeply infiltrating endometriosis: results on pelvic pain symptoms according to a surgical classification. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005;12:106–112.10.1016/j.jmig.2005.01.015CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nVignali, M, Bianchi, S, Candiani, M, et al. Surgical treatment of deep endometriosis and risk of recurrence. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005;12:508–513.10.1016/j.jmig.2005.06.016CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBedaiwy, MA, Rahman, MY, Chapman, M, et al. Robotic assisted hysterectomy for the management of severe endometriosis: a retrospective review of short-term surgical outcomes. JSLS 2013;17(1):95–99.10.4293/108680812X13517013317275CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCollinet, P, Leguevaque, P, Neme, RM, et al. Robot-assisted laparoscopy for deep infiltrating endometriosis: international multicentric retrospective study. Surg Endosc 2014 Aug;28(8):2474–2479.10.1007/s00464-014-3480-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChammas, MF Jr, Kim, FJ, Barbarino, A, et al. Asymptomatic rectal and bladder endometriosis: a case for robotic-assisted surgery. Can J Urol 2008;15(3):4097–4100.Google ScholarPubMed\nLiu, C, Perisic, D, Samadi, D, Nezhat, F. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial bladder resection for the treatment of infiltrating endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2008;15(6):745–748.10.1016/j.jmig.2008.07.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAverbach, M, Popoutchi, P, Marques, OW Jr, et al. Robotic rectosigmoidectomy—pioneer case report in Brazil. Current scene in colorectal robotic surgery. Arq Gastroenterol 2010;47(1):116–118.10.1590/S0004-28032010000100018CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Hajhosseini, B, King, LP. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic treatment of bowel, bladder, and ureteral endometriosis. JSLS 2011;15(3):387–392.10.4293/108680811X13125733356396CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChapron, C, Fauconnier, A, Dubuisson, JB, et al. Deep infiltrating endometriosis: relation between severity of dysmenorrhoea and extent of disease. Hum Reprod 2003 Apr;18(4):760–766.10.1093/humrep/deg152CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChapron, C, Barakat, H, Fritel, X, et al. Presurgical diagnosis of posterior deep infiltrating endometriosis based on a standardized questionnaire. Hum Reprod 2005;20:507–513.10.1093/humrep/deh627CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChopin, N, Ballester, M, Borghese, B, et al. Relation between severity of dysmenorrhea and endometrioma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2006;85(11):1375–1380.10.1080/00016340600935490CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nLafay Pillet, MC, Huchon, C, Santulli, P, et al. A clinical score can predict associated deep infiltrating endometriosis before surgery for an endometrioma. Hum Reprod 2014 Aug;29(8):1666–1676.10.1093/humrep/deu128CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBallester, M, Santulli, P, Bazot, M, et al. Preoperative evaluation of posterior deep-infiltrating endometriosis demonstrates a relationship with urinary dysfunction and parametrial involvement. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011;18:36–42.10.1016/j.jmig.2010.08.692CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nKondo, W, Zomer, M, Riberio, R, et al. Laparoscopic treatment of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the intestine – technical aspects. Braz J Video-Sur 2012;5(2):023–039.Google Scholar\nHudelist, G, Ballard, K, English, J, et al. Transvaginal sonography vs. clinical examination in the preoperative diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011;37:480–487.10.1002/uog.8935CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAbrao, MS, Gonçalves, MO, Dias, JA Jr, et al. Comparison between clinical examination, transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of deep endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2007;22:3092–3097.10.1093/humrep/dem187CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nChamié, LP, Pereira, RM, Zanatta, A, Serafini, PC. Transvaginal US after bowel preparation for deeply infiltrating endometriosis: protocol, imaging appearances, and laparoscopic corelation. Radiographics 2010;30:1235–1249.10.1148/rg.305095221CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nGoncalves, MO, Podgaec, S, Dias, JA Jr, Gonzalez, M, Abrao, MS. Transvaginal ultrasonography with bowel preparation is able to predict the number of lesions and rectosigmoid layers affected in cases of deep endometriosis, defining surgical strategy . Hum Reprod 2010;25:665–671.10.1093/humrep/dep433CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nKondo, W, Branco, AW, Trippia, CH, Ribeiro, R, Zomer, MT .Retrocervical deep infiltrating endometriotic lesions larger than 30 mm are associated with an increased rate of ureteral involvement. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2012;20(1):100–103.10.1016/j.jmig.2012.09.012CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nBazot, ML, Lafont, C, Rouzier, R, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of physical examination, transvaginal sonography, rectal endoscopic sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose deep infiltrating endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2009 Dec;92(6):1825–1833.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPhilip, CA, Bisch, C, Coulon, A, et al. Correlation between three-dimensional rectosonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of rectosigmoid endometriosis: a preliminary study on the first fifty cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015 Apr;187:35–40.10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.02.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nPrystowsky, JB, Stryker, SJ, Ujiki, GT, et al. Gastrointestinal endometriosis. incidence and indications for resection. Arch Surg 1988;123(7):855–858.10.1001/archsurg.1988.01400310069011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMackenrodt, R. Uber entzundundlicheheterage Epithelwucherungen in weiblichen Genital-gebiete und uber cine bir in die Wurzel des Mescolon ausgedehnte benigne Wucherung des Darmepithels. Vichows Arch Pathol Anat 1909;195:487.Google Scholar\nMohr, C, Nezhat, FR, Nezhat, CH, Seidman, DS, Nezhat, CR. Fertility consideration in laparoscopic treatment of infiltrative bowel endometriosis. J Soc Laparosc Surg 2005;9:16–24.Google ScholarPubMed\nPellegrino, A, Damiani, GR, Trio, C et al. Robotic shaving technique in 25 patients affected by deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectovaginal space. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015;22(7):1287–1290.10.1016/j.jmig.2015.06.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nWoods, RJ, Heriot, AG, Chen, FC. Anterior rectal wall excision for endometriosis using the circular stapler. ANZ J Surg 2003;73:647–648.10.1046/j.1445-2197.2003.02706.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNeme, RM, Schraibman, V, Okazaki, S, et al. Deep infiltrating colorectal endometriosis treated with robotic-assisted rectosigmoidectomy. JSLS 2013 Apr-Jun;17(2):227–234.10.4293/108680813X13693422521836CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDiguisto, C, Hébert, T, Paternotte, J, et al. Robotic assisted laparoscopy: comparison of segmentary colorectal resection and shaving for colorectal endometriosis. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2015 Apr;43(4):266–270.10.1016/j.gyobfe.2015.02.006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nFanfani, F, Fagotti, A, Gagliardi, ML, et al. Discoid or segmental rectosigmoid resection for deep infiltrating endometriosis: a case-control study. Fertil Steril 2010 Jul;94(2):444–449.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.066CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nMohr, C, Nezhat, FR, Nezhat, CH, Seidman, DS, Nezhat, CR. Fertility consideration in laparoscopic treatment of infiltrative bowel endometriosis. J Soc Laparosc Surg 2005;9:16–24.Google ScholarPubMed\nRedwine, DB, Wright, JT. Laparoscopic treatment of complete obliteration of the cul-de-sac associated with endometriosis: long-term follow-up of en bloc resection. Fertil Steril 2001;76(2):358–365.10.1016/S0015-0282(01)01913-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAbbott, JA, Hawe, J, Clayton, RD, Garry, R. The effects and effectiveness of laparoscopic excision of endometriosis: a prospective study with 2–5 year follow-up. Hum Reprod 2003;18(9):1922–1927.10.1093/humrep/deg275CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nFleisch, MC, Xafis, D, De Bruyne, F, et al. Radical resection of invasive endometriosis with bowel or bladder involvement – long-term results. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2005;123(2):224–229.10.1016/j.ejogrb.2005.04.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDubernard, G, Piketty, M, Rouzier, R, et al. Quality of life after laparoscopic colorectal resection for endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2006;21(5):1243–1247.10.1093/humrep/dei491CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBachmann, R, Bachmann, C, Lange, J, et al. Surgical outcome of deep infiltrating colorectal endometriosis in a multidisciplinary setting. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014 Nov;290(5):919–924.10.1007/s00404-014-3257-xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nRozsnyai, FL, Roman, H, Resch, B, et al. Outcomes of surgical management of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the ureter and urinary bladder. JSLS 2011 Oct-Dec;15(4):439–447.10.4293/108680811X13176785203798CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBosev, D, Nicoll, LM, Bhagan, L, et al. Laparoscopic management of ureteral endometriosis: the Stanford University Hospital experience with 96 consecutive cases. J Urol 2009;182:2748–2752.10.1016/j.juro.2009.08.019CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nChapron, C, Chiodo, I, Leconte, M, et al. Severe ureteral endometriosis: the intrinsic type is not so rare after complete surgical excision of deep endometriotic lesions. Fertil Steril 2010;93:2115–2120.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.102CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDonnez, J, Nisolle, M, Squifflet, J. Ureteral endometriosis: a complication of rectovaginal endometriotic (adenomyotic) nodules. Fertil Steril 2002;77:32–37.10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02921-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nFrick, AC, Barakat, EE, Stein, RJ, Mora, M, Falcone, T. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic management of ureteral endometriosis. JSLS 2011 Jul-Sep;15(3):396–399.10.4293/108680811X13125733356314CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Hajhosseini, B, King, LP, et al. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic treatment of bowel, bladder, and ureteral endometriosis. JSLS 2011 Jul-Sep;15(3):387–392.10.4293/108680811X13125733356396CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Agarwal, S. Genitourinary tract endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2022 Jan;117(1):228–229.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.11.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nComiter, CV. Endometriosis of the urinary tract. Urol Clin North Am 2002;29(3):625–635.10.1016/S0094-0143(02)00065-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBerkes, E, Bokor, A, Rigo, J Jr. Current treatment of endometriosis with laparoscopic surgery. Orv Hetil 2010;151:1137–1144.10.1556/oh.2010.28904CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Seidman, DS, Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C. Laparoscopic surgical management of diaphragmatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1998 Jun;69(6):1048–1055.10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00056-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Main, J, Paka, , Nezhat, A, Beygui, RE. Multidisciplinary treatment for thoracic and abdominopelvic endometriosis. JSLS 2014 Jul-Sep;18(3):e2014.00312.10.4293/JSLS.2014.00312CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nicoll, LM, Bhagan, L, et al. Endometriosis of the diaphragm: four cases treated with a combination of laparoscopy and thoracoscopy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2009 Sep-Oct;16(5):573–580.10.1016/j.jmig.2009.06.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nCela, V, Simi, G, Obino, M, et al. Diaphragmatic endometriosis: review of the literature and first case of robot-assisted laparoscopic treatment. J Endometr 2014;6(4):219–224.Google Scholar\nDun, EC, Morozov, V, Lakhi, NA. Multidisciplinary approach to chronic pelvic pain. J Neurol Exp Neurosci 2015;1(1):1–5.Google Scholar\nReiter, RC. A profile of women with chronic pelvic pain. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1990;33(1):130–136.Google ScholarPubMed\nYunker, A, Sathe, NA, Stuart Reynolds, W, et al. Systematic review of therapies for noncyclic chronic pelvic pain in women. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2012;67(7):417–425.10.1097/OGX.0b013e31825cecb3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNess, RB, Soper, DE, Holley, RL, et al. Effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient treatment strategies for women with pelvic inflammatory disease: results from the Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) Randomized Trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186(5):929–937. doi: 10.1067/mob.2002.121625CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CH, Seidman, DS, Nezhat, FR, Mirmalek, SA, Nezhat, CR. Ovarian remnant syndrome after laparoscopic oophorectomy. Fertil Steril 2000;74(5):1024–1028. doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01604-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHanno, PM, Erickson, D, Moldwin, R, Faraday, MM. Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: AUA guideline amendment. J Urol 2015;193(5):1545–1553. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.086CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nWilliams, RE, Hartmann, KE, Sandler, RS, et al. Recognition and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome among women with chronic pelvic pain. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192(3):761–767. doi: 1016/j.ajog.2004.10.634CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nAbraham, C, Cho, JH. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med 2009;361(21):2066–2078. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0804647CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPorpora, MG, Picarelli, A, Prosperi Porta, R, et al. Celiac disease as a cause of chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and deep dyspareunia. Obstet Gynecol 2002;99(5 Pt 2):937–939. doi: 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01711-2Google ScholarPubMed\nJones, GT, Atzeni, F, Beasley, M, et al. The prevalence of fibromyalgia in the general population: a comparison of the American College of Rheumatology 1990, 2010, and modified 2010 classification criteria. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015;67(2):568–575. doi: 10.1002/art.38905CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nSrinivasan, AK, Kaye, JD, Moldwin, R. Myofascial dysfunction associated with chronic pelvic floor pain: management strategies. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2007;11(5):359–364. doi: 10.1007/s11916-007-0218-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHolt, MA, Keene, JS, Graf, BK, Helwig, DC. Treatment of osteitis pubis in athletes. Results of corticosteroid injections. Am J Sports Med 1995;23(5):601–606. doi: 10.1177/036354659502300515CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nKarpos, PA, Spindler, KP, Pierce, MA, Shull, HJ Jr. Osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis in athletes: a case report and literature review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27(4):473–479.10.1249/00005768-199504000-00002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nVincent, C. Osteitis pubis. J Am Board Fam Pract 1993;6(5):492–496. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.6.5.492Google ScholarPubMed\nSteele, A. Opioid use and depression in chronic pelvic pain. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2014;41(3):491–501. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2014.04.005.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nUlirsch, JC, Ballina, LE, Soward, AC, et al. Pain and somatic symptoms are sequelae of sexual assault: results of a prospective longitudinal study. Eur J Pain 2014;18(4):559–566. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00395.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nHoward, FM. The role of laparoscopy in chronic pelvic pain: promise and pitfalls. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1993;48(6):357–387.10.1097/00006254-199306000-00001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nLatthe, PM, Proctor, CM, Farquhar, CM, Johnson, N, Khan, KS. Surgical interruption of pelvic nerve pathways in dysmenorrhea: a systematic review of effectiveness. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2007;86(1):4–15.10.1080/00016340600753117CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nStratton, P, Winkel, C, Premkumar, A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathologic examination for the detection of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2003;79(5):1078–1085.10.1016/S0015-0282(03)00155-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nTakahashi, K, Okada, M, Okada, S, et al. Studies on the detection of small endometrial implants by magnetic resonance imaging using a fat saturation technique. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1996;41(3):203–206.Google ScholarPubMed\nTanaka, YO, Itai, Y, Anno, I, et al. MR staging of pelvic endometriosis: role of fat-suppression T1-weighted images. Radiat Med 1996;14(3):111–116.Google ScholarPubMed\nFielding, JR. MR imaging of the female pelvis. Radiol Clin North Am 2003;41(1):179–192.10.1016/S0033-8389(02)00063-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nVetere, PF, Lazarou, G, Apostol, R, et al. Postoperative adhesion formation in a rabbit model: monopolar electrosurgery versus ultrasonic scalpel. JSLS 2015;19(2):e2015.00018.10.4293/JSLS.2015.00018CrossRefGoogle Scholar\nLiakakos, T, Tomakos, N, Fine, PM, et al. Peritoneal adhesions: etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical significance. Recent advances in prevention and management. Dig Surg 2001;18(4):260–273.10.1159/000050149CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDiamond, MP, Daniel, JF, Martin, DC, et al. Tubal patency and pelvic adhesions at early second-look laparoscopy following intraabdominal use of the carbon dioxide laser: initial report of the intraabdominal laser study group. Fertil Steril 1984;42(5):717–723.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)48196-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nTulandi, T, Bugnah, M. Operative laparoscopy: surgical modalities. Fertil Steril 1995;63(2):237–245.Google ScholarPubMed\nAlSalilli, M, Vilos, GA. Prospective evaluation of laparoscopic appendectomy in women with chronic right lower quadrant pain. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 1995;2(2):139–142.10.1016/S1074-3804(05)80007-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nBerker, B, Lashay, N, Davarpanah, R, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy in patients with endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005;12(3):206–209.10.1016/j.jmig.2005.03.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F. Incidental appendectomy during videolaseroscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165(3):559–564.10.1016/0002-9378(91)90284-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nO’Hanlan, KA, Fisher, DT, O’Holleran, MS. 257 incidental appendectomies during total laparoscopic hysterectomy. JSLS 2007;11(4):428–431.Google ScholarPubMed\nJacobson, TZ, Barlow, DH, Garry, R, Koninckx, P. Laparoscopic surgery for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001(4):CD001300.Google Scholar\nJaboulay, M. Le traitement de la nevralgie pelvienne par la paralysie du sympathique sacre. Lyon Med 1899;90:102–108.Google Scholar\nRuggi, C. La simpatectomia abdominale utero-ovarica come mezzo di cura de alcune lesioni interne degli organi genital della donna. Bologna: Zanichelli; 1899.Google Scholar\nCotte, G. La sympathectomie hypogastrique: atelle sa place dans la therapeutique gynecologique? Presse Med 1925;33:98–102.Google Scholar\nGarcia, CR, David, SS. Pelvic endometriosis: infertility and pelvic pain. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;129(7):740–747.10.1016/0002-9378(77)90391-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPuolakka, J, Kauppila, A, Ronnberg, L. Results in the operative treatment of pelvic endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1980;59(5):429–431.10.3109/00016348009155423CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nPolan, ML, DeCherney, A. Presacral neurectomy for pelvic pain in infertility. Fertil Steril 1980;34(6):557–560.10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45195-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nLee, RB, Stone, K, Magelssen, D, Belts, RP, Benson, WL. Presacral neurectomy for chronic pelvic pain. Obstet Gynecol 1986;68(4):517–521.Google ScholarPubMed\nTjaden, B, Schlaff, WD, Kimball, A, Rock, JA. The efficacy of presacral neurectomy for the relief of midline dysmenorrhea. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76(1):89–91.Google ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Nezhat, F. A simplified method of laparoscopic presacral neurectomy for the treatment of central pelvic pain due to endometriosis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1992;99(8):659–663.10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13850.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, CH, Seidman, DS, Nezhat, FR, Nezhat, CR. Long-term outcome of laparoscopic presacral neurectomy for the treatment of central pelvic pain attributed to endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91(5 Pt 1):701–704.Google ScholarPubMed\nZullo, F, Palomba, S, Zupi, E, et al. Long-term effectiveness of presacral neurectomy for the treatment of severe dysmenorrhea due to endometriosis. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2004;11(1):23–28.10.1016/S1074-3804(05)60005-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nNezhat, C, Morozov, V. Robot-assisted laparoscopic presacral neurectomy: feasibility, techniques, and operative outcomes. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2010;17(4):508–512.10.1016/j.jmig.2010.03.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nDaniels, J, Gray, R, Hills, RK, et al. Laparoscopic uterosacral nerve ablation for alleviating chronic pelvic pain: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009;302(9):955–961.10.1001/jama.2009.1268CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed\nThe HTML of this chapter is known to have missing or limited accessibility features.\nWe may be reviewing its accessibility for future improvement, but final compliance is\nnot yet assured and may be subject to legal exceptions. If you have any questions,\nplease contact\naccessibility@cambridge.org.\nTable of contents navigation\nAllows you to navigate directly to chapters, sections, or non‐text items through a linked table of contents, reducing the need for extensive scrolling.\nAllows you to navigate directly to chapters, sections, or non‐text items through a linked table of contents, reducing the need for extensive scrolling.\nIndex navigation\nProvides an interactive index, letting you go straight to where a term or subject appears in the text without manual searching.\nProvides an interactive index, letting you go straight to where a term or subject appears in the text without manual searching.\nSingle logical reading order\nYou will encounter all content (including footnotes, captions, etc.) in a clear, sequential flow, making it easier to follow with assistive tools like screen readers.\nYou will encounter all content (including footnotes, captions, etc.) in a clear, sequential flow, making it easier to follow with assistive tools like screen readers.\nUse of colour is not sole means of conveying information\nYou will still understand key ideas or prompts without relying solely on colour, which is especially helpful if you have colour vision deficiencies.\nYou will still understand key ideas or prompts without relying solely on colour, which is especially helpful if you have colour vision deficiencies.\nARIA roles provided\nYou gain clarity from ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes, as they help assistive technologies interpret how each part of the content functions.\nYou gain clarity from ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes, as they help assistive technologies interpret how each part of the content functions.\nTo save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.\nNote you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.\nFind out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.\n- Endometriosis\n- Book: Nezhat's Textbook of Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Online publication: 06 November 2025\nTo save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.\n- Endometriosis\n- Book: Nezhat's Textbook of Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Online publication: 06 November 2025\nTo save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.\n- Endometriosis\n- Book: Nezhat's Textbook of Minimally Invasive Surgery\n- Online publication: 06 November 2025","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}