{"paper_id":"abb22a26-caad-4954-bcb4-0cadf159f86f","body_text":"Abstract\nCell membrane ion channels have important roles in cell migration during cancer development and metastasis. Although endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease, some migration and invasion characteristics of endometriosis are similar to those of cancer. However, only a few studies have examined cell membrane ion channels and their associations with endometriosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of these ion channels on development of endometriosis. A total of 39 women who underwent laparoscopic ovarian cyst enucleation were included in the study population. Eutopic endometrium or ectopic endometrium tissues were obtained from each patient based on allocation to an endometriosis group (n=21) or a control group (n=18). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses were performed to quantify NKCC1, NKCC2, and CLCN3 mRNA expression and protein concentrations. SiRNA transfection and migration assays of the endometrial stromal cells were performed to test the effects of the ion channels on the migration ability. The qRT-PCR and western blot analyses revealed significantly elevated mRNA expression and protein expression of NKCC1, NKCC2, and CLCN3 in the ectopic endometrial tissue from the patients with endometriosis (p < 0.05). Migration assay of siRNA transfected cells suggested a decreased migratory potential of the endometrial stromal cells (p < 0.001). The magnitudes of expression of NKCC1, NKCC2, and CLCN3 were positively correlated with endometrioma size. The increased expression of NKCC1, NKCC2, and CLCN3 in endometriosis offers opportunities to understand mechanisms of endometriosis and develop novel therapeutic approaches.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nData Availability\nThe datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\nCode Availability\nNot applicable.\nChange history\n18 March 2021\nThe article was updated to include an Article Note that Inha Lee and Dr. Myung Jae Jeon equally contributed to this work.\n24 March 2021\nA Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00551-0\nReferences\nGiudice LC, Kao LC. Endometriosis. Lancet. 2004;364(9447):1789–99.\nVercellini P, Vigano P, Somigliana E, Fedele L. Endometriosis: pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014;10(5):261–75.\nGargett CE, Schwab KE, Deane JA. Endometrial stem/progenitor cells: the first 10 years. 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Inha Lee, Myung Jae Jeon, Jeong Sook Kim, Ji Hyun Park, SiHyun Cho, and Byung Seok Lee have made substantial contributions for conception and design. Inha Lee and Myung Jae Jeon have equally contributed in drafting the manuscript and SiHyun Cho revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content.\nCorresponding author\nEthics declarations\nEthics Approval\nThe study was performed after approval from the Institutional Review Board of Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (IRB approval no. 3-2018-0231).\nConsent to Participate\nEach patient provided informed written consent and the hospital’s ethics committees approved enrollment in the study.\nConsent for Publication\nEach participant had signed the consent form for the use of her personal data for research use and publication.\nConflict of Interest\nThe authors declare no competing interests.\nAdditional information\nPublisher’s Note\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nInha Lee and Dr. Myung Jae Jeon equally contributed to this work.\nRights and permissions\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nLee, I., Jeon, M.J., Kim, J.S. et al. Aberrant Expression of Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter in Endometriosis. Reprod. Sci. 28, 2641–2648 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00531-4\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nVersion of record:\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00531-4","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}