{"paper_id":"a98b778a-35aa-45cd-b76f-4b7472544220","body_text":"Abstract\nThe cause of endometriosis, which is characterized by the existence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, is poorly understood. Seminal plasma (SP) is rich in multiple cytokines that may promote endometrial tissue survival. Here, we evaluated the effect of SP on growth of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from women with endometriosis (E-MSCs) and women without endometriosis (NE-MSCs). Proliferation, cell foci formation, cell cycle progression, and growth marker expression of E- and NE-MSCs were promoted by SP. These effects may be mediated through activation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), Akt, and p42/44 signaling, which enhances CDK2 and CDK6 expression and accelerates cell cycle progression. Xenografts exposed to SP exhibited a three-fold increase in volume and four-fold increase in weight after 14 days. 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Mol Neurobiol. 2017;54(8):5768–79.\nAcknowledgements\nWe thank Liwen Bianji, Edanz Group China (www.liwenbianji.cn/ac), for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.\nFunding\nThis research was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. LQ19H040014 and No. LY20C08002, the general project of medicine and health in Zhejiang Province of China No. 2018KY109 and 2018RC009, and National Key Research and Development Program of China No. 2018YFC1004800.\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nEthics declarations\nConflict of Interest\nThe authors declare no competing interests.\nAdditional information\nPublisher’s Note\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nSupplementary Information\nRights and permissions\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nLi, J., Dai, Y., Li, C. et al. TGF-β1 in Seminal Plasma Promotes Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth via p42/44 and Akt Pathway in Patients With or Without Endometriosis. Reprod. Sci. 29, 723–733 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00562-x\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nVersion of record:\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00562-x","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}