{"paper_id":"a59c54c1-aad1-4a39-a029-096f28f23247","body_text":"Abstract\nA 39-year-old nulliparous female with stage IV endometriosis presented to a reproductive endocrinologist reporting chronic disabling pelvic pain with and outside of her periods, dyspareunia, and intermenstrual bleeding. She was taking naproxen with minimal pain relief. She had a history of a laparoscopic left ovarian cystectomy 2 years prior, at which time she was noted to have a frozen pelvis with no visualization of the uterus or right ovary, dilated tubes bilaterally, dense adhesions, and a 6 cm left hemorrhagic cyst, favoring an endometriotic cyst on pathology. Clinically, she had a normal Pap smear, and on physical examination, she was in no apparent distress with normal vital signs and had a BMI of 20.8 and a genitourinary exam significant for a small tender uterus with decreased mobility and a tender left adnexa with no palpable masses. She had an MRI study of her abdomen and pelvis that showed a complex left adnexal fluid collection approximately 3–4 cm in size, a normal right ovary, bilateral hydrosalpinges, and a 2 cm posterior intramural fundal fibroid. Three management options were discussed with the patient:\nAccess this chapter\nTax calculation will be finalised at checkout\nPurchases are for personal use only\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nFeldman BM, Voda A, Gronseth E. The prevalence of hot flash and associated variables among perimenopausal women. Res Nurs Health. 1985;8:3.\nLiu JH, Martens MG, Pace DT, Pinkerton JV, Shifren JL. Management of symptomatic vulvovaginal atrophy: 2013 position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2013;20:9.\nShuster LT, Gostout BS, Grossardt BR, Rocca WA. Prophylactic oophorectomy in premenopausal women and long-term health. Menopause Int. 2008;14:3.\nLareau SM, Beigi RH. Pelvic inflammatory disease and tubo-ovarian abscess. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2008;22:4.\nLanders DV, Sweet RL. Tubo-ovarian abscess: contemporary approach to management. Clin Infect Dis. 1983;5:5.\nPelvic inflammatory disease statistics. www.cdc.gov/std/pid/stats.htm. 2016.\nSweet RL, Gibbs RS. Soft tissue infection and pelvic abscess. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009.\nGreenstein Y, Shah AJ, Vragovic O, Cabral H, Soto-Wright V, Borgatta L, Kuohung W. Tuboovarian abscess: factors associated with operative intervention after failed antibiotic therapy. J Reprod Med. 2013;58:101–6.\nU.S Cancer Statistics Working Group. United States cancer statistics: 1999-2012 incidence and mortality web- based report, Center for disease control and prevention. www.cdc.gov/cancer/ovarian.statistics/index.htm. 2015.\nKing MC, Marks JH, Mandell JB, New York Breast Cancer Study Group. Breast and ovarian cancer risks due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Science. 2003;302:5645.\nAarnio M, Sankila R, Pukkala E, Salovaara R, Aaltonen LA, Chapelle A, Peltomaki P, Mecklin JP, Jarvinen HJ. Cancer risk in mutation carriers of DNA-mismatch-repair genes. Int J Cancer. 1999;1:2.\nSwisher E, Reed S. Elective and risk- reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. ACOG Pract Bull Number. 2008;89.\nChild TJ, Tan SL. Endometriosis: aetiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Drugs. 2001;61:12.\nSchweppe KW. Current place of progestins in the treatment of endometriosis-related complaints. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2001;15(Suppl 6):22–8.\nEskenazi B, Warner ML. Epidemiology of endometriosis. Obstetrics and gynecology Clinic of North America. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997.\nFalcone T, Lue JR. Management of endometriosis. ACOG Pract Bull Number. 2010;114.\nBusacca M, Riparini J, Somigliana E, Oggioni G, Izzo S, Vignali M, Candiani M. Postsurgical ovarian failure after laparoscopic excision of bilateral endometriomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:2.\nRedwine DB. Endometriosis persisting after castration: clinical characteristics and results of surgical management. Obstet Gynecol. 1994;83:3.\nNamnoum AB, Hickman TN, Goodman SB, Gehlbach DL, Rock JA. Incidence of symptom recurrence after hysterectomy for endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 1995;64:5.\nKeshavaraz H, Hills SD, Kieke BA, Marchbanks PA. Hysterectomy surveillance-United States 1994-1999. CDC Surveillance Summaries. 2002;51:1–8.\nParker WH, Broder MS, Liu Z, Shoupe D, Farquhar C, Berek JS. Ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106:2.\nAsante A, Whiteman MK, Kulkarni A, Cox S, Marchbanks PA, Jamieson DJ. Elective oophorectomy in the United States: trends and in-hospital complications, 1998-2006. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116:5.\nManson JE, Ames JM, Gass ML, Shifren JL, Stuenkel CA, Pinkerton JV, Kaunitz AM, Pace DT, Kagan R, Schnatz PF, Kingsberg SA, Liu JH, Joffe H, Richard-Davis G, Goldstein SR, Schiff I, Utian WH. Algorithm and mobile app for menopausal symptom management and hormonal/non-hormonal therapy decision making: a clinical decision-support tool from The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2014;22:3.\nRivera CM, Grossardt BR, Rhodes DJ, Brown Jr RD, Roger VL, Melton 3rd LJ, Rocca WA. Increased cardiovascular mortality after early bilateral oophorectomy. Menopause. 2009;16:1.\nManson JE, Allison MA, Rossouw JE, Carr JJ, Langer RD, Hsia J, Kuller LH, Cochrane BB, Hunt JR, Ludlam SE, Pettinger MB, Gass M, Margolis KL, Nathan L, Ockene JK, Prentice RL, Robbins J, Stefanick ML, WHI and WHI-CACS Investigators. Estrogen therapy and coronary-artery calcification. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:25.\nMiller VM, Jenkins GD, Biernacka JM, Heit JA, Huggins GS, Hodis HN, Budoff MJ, Lobo RA, Taylor HS, Manson JE, Black DM, Naftolin F, Harman SM, Andrade M. Pharmacogenomics of estrogens on changes in carotid artery intima-medial thickness and coronary arterial calcification – Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study, Physiological Genomics. 2015.\nWriting Group of the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women, principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:3.\nYager JD, Davidson NE. Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:3.\nNichols HB, Trentham-Dietz A, Newcomb PA, Titus LJ, Egan KM, Hampton JM, Visvanathan K. Postoophorectomy estrogen use and breast cancer risk. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120:1.\nGucer F, Pieber D, Arikan MG. Malignancy arising in extraovarian endometriosis during estrogen stimulation. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 1998;19:1.\nMoen MH, Rees M, Brincat M, Erel T, Gambacciani M, Lambrinoudaki I, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Tremollieres F, Vujovic S, Rozenberg S; European Menopause and Andropause Society. EMAS position statement: Managing the menopause in women with a past history of endometriosis. Maturitas. 2010;67(1):94–7.\nMartin K, Barbieri R, Crowley W, Zieman M. Overview of the use of estrogen-progestin contraceptives, UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-use-of-estrogen-progestin-contraceptives. 2015.\nOlie V, Canonico M, Scarabin PY. Risk of venous thrombosis with oral versus transdermal estrogen therapy among postmenopausal women. Curr Opin Hematol. 2010;17:5.\nBove R, Secor E, Chibnik LB, Barnes LL, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, De Jager PL. Age at surgical menopause influences cognitive decline and Alzheimer pathology in older women. Neurology. 2014;82:222–9.\nHickman TN, Namnoum AB, Hinton EL, Zacur HA, Rock JA. Timing of estrogen replacement therapy following hysterectomy with oophorectomy for endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;91:5.\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nEditor information\nEditors and Affiliations\nRights and permissions\nCopyright information\n© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland\nAbout this chapter\nCite this chapter\nMichelis, L.D., Kuohung, W. (2017). Surgical Menopause. In: Pal, L., Sayegh, R. (eds) Essentials of Menopause Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42451-4_14\nDownload citation\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42451-4_14\nPublished:\nPublisher Name: Springer, Cham\nPrint ISBN: 978-3-319-42449-1\nOnline ISBN: 978-3-319-42451-4\neBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}